Evaluation of the Characters in Director John Ford’s...

John Ford’s dramatic film The Grapes of Wrath was released on March 15, 1940. This film was based on John Steinbeck’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel. This film follows the Joad family on their long trip to California. It watches as they lose their home and are left with no choice but to pack their necessities and set off. Though they had no idea where they were going, they had no choice but to keep on, hoping that somewhere along the line someone would have mercy on them and they would find some form of work. Though the list of influential characters presented within the film is a rather short one, each character plays at least a small part in the eventual outcome of the text, so having to select just one as the most critical proves to be shockingly difficult. However, upon further scrutiny it begins to become clear that one character holds a steady level of importance throughout the duration of the text. Ma Joad is the only character presented with a large amount of impo rtance that remains consistent from the very beginning to the final moments of the film. Ma Joad emerges as the backbone of the film rather early on, paving the way for all of the significant events and decisions made within the text. Initially, there is a suggestion that Pa Joad was the leader and the provider of the family, and in the beginning, he was often looked toward as being the most significant member of the Joad family. In fact, Pa Joad was the one that plans the family’s trip to

Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay - 836 Words

Without Martin Luther King, there is no Malcolm X. Without Malcolm X, there is no Martin Luther King. There couldn’t have been one without the other. They were complete opposites; they were two of the most different men. Nevertheless, they were fighting for the same thing. They were fighting for the civil rights of African Americans in a country thought to have been based on â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"equality†. These two men were brave enough to stand up for what they believed in, for what was right. They were brave enough to take on the weight of the responsibility and burdens they were about endure to make what was wrong, right. Equality and fairness among all types of people. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are probably the two best known African-American leaders of the last century. Since their deaths in the 60’s no one has been able to fill the shoes that these men wore in striving for the civil rights of African Americans. Both men were ministers and also victims of assassination. They became famous around the same time but, they believed in very different styles of going about how they planned on fighting for these rights. King was a peaceful man. He didn’t believe in violence, he hoped for a day where black and white men could one day call one another brothers. Malcolm X wanted African Americans to be able to take control of their own lives, by any means necessary. He was known for having believed that violence could solve problems like these. These two men, althoughShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of this period. Two strong leaders from this era were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. made a bigger impact on the population than Malcolm X because of his speeches, beliefs, direct and peaceful activities, and the effect his death had on the population. Martin Luther King Jr.’s belief was that people of all colors, including both blacks and whites, could live in eternal peace and equality. King believed that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all† (Dinar, par.12)Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X811 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconstrued as a harangue. To be more precise, Malcolm X’s outcries can be deemed as both impolitic and radical. There is often a dichotomy between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. is often noted as taking the most agreeable tactics in order to translate his message. Malcolm X, radically different, approached racism in a more contentious rendering in an already contentious standing. Radical change calls for a radical movement, Malcolm X demanded an American form of equality, inRead More Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Americans are fortunate to have leaders who fought for a difference in Black America. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are two powerful men in particular who brought hope to blacks in the United States. Both preached the same message about Blacks having power and strength in the midst of all the hatred that surrounded them. Even though they shared the same dream of equality for their people, the tactics they implied to make these dreamsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X997 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the same goal, but had different ways of achieving this goal. They both fought against civil rights and were leaders in the civil rights movement. The way they were brought up is a good explanation for their differences; King was brought up in a wealthy family, while X was raised in the ghetto to a poor family. Both fought against unfair laws, Social Discrimination, and Racial segregation, but theyRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X1263 Words   |  6 Pages* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he wasRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreDifference Between Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X987 Words   |  4 PagesDifference in Approaches Between Martin Luther King Jr.and Malcolm X During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans, both men and women, fought for basic human rights and opportunities that should have never been taken from them in the first place. These were rights that every being was born with, so it was a very frustrating and exhausting situation to be demanding to be viewed as an equal in a society that thought otherwise. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominentRead MoreCompare the Philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X976 Words   |  4 PagesCompare the philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. how their goals for the African American community similar and/or different? How their strategies for reaching those goals similar and/or different? During the past century there were two influential people Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X who grappled with the problem of inequality between black and white people. They both wanted to bring hope to blacks in the US through their powerful, hard-hittingRead MoreThe Beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. versus Malcolm X Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesof Martin Luther King Jr. versus Malcolm X â€Å"I have a dream, that one day little black boys and black girls will join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sister and brother.† (de Kay 75)†¦Martin Luther King Jr. During the past century, the United States of America has wresled with the problem of inequality between black and white people. Two influential people who helped to combat racism and the inequality of man were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin

Reflection Paper On Environmental Health - 1317 Words

Environmental Health in Your Own Backyard Reflection Paper Introduction Environmental Health field is the segment of public health that is concerned with assessing, understanding, and controlling the impacts of people on their environment and the impacts of the environment on them. There are many problems facing the field include the treatment and disposal of liquid and airborne wastes and hazard, safe drinking water, adequate and safe food, protection of hospital and medical workers from infectious diseases, protecting the global population from other diseases. Explain how the topic you chose is an environmental public health issue. I selected Asthma as one of the public health issues that affecting the resident in Alamance†¦show more content†¦Identify relevant aspects of exposure to the population within the community, including who is exposed and the potential for contamination of environmental media (food, water, air), and likely exposure pathways. Many people in the community are suffering from polluted air, especially children because it is aggravating their asthma. Asthma status indicated as an outcome of the complicated gene - environmental interactions. As Klinnert, (2008) stated that, the genetic based immune system has a significant role in developing and determining of all asthma stages in allergic children who have reactions to environmental exposures (Klinnert, 2008). Triggers are everywhere in our environment, at home and school (indoor or outdoor), and has to vary reaction among children. As the EPA, (2012), rightly points out that, the Environmental trigger has an important factor that contributes to asthma symptoms and severity include irritants which aggravated by tobacco smoke (ETS) and pesticide, exposures to certain chemical fumes, gases, or vapors or dust and exposure to weather changes or air pollution. There are many children with asthma having allergens triggers. Allergens environmental substances include pollen from trees, grasses, flowers, fumes and cockroaches, mold and mildew, dust mites, animal dander (skin flakes and saliva) and paint and cleaning fluid (EPA, 2012). Explain whether theShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing935 Words   |  4 Pagesan existing way of thinking that resonates with their worldview in order to provide consistent, competent, and meaningful care in their areas of practice. In this regard, this paper seeks to explore my personal philosophy about nursing by analyzing and reflecting upon the nursing metaparadigm of person, environment, health, and nursing as advanced by Sister Callista Roy, author of the adaptation model. Description of Four Concepts Metaparadigm Person is a holistic, adaptive, human system that constantlyRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Fence Line : A Company Town Divided943 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment. Specifically, in critical health studies we are able take different models and theories and apply them to real situations to better understand the nuances behind them. In case studies, critical reflections are a necessary tool. Critically reflecting on an issue or topic allows for the heart of the issue to be viewed from a different lens, integrating different models and theories from those originally shown. With this in mind, the intent of this paper is to critically analyze how applyingRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Nursing At Lehman College1110 Words   |  5 PagesNursing is a valued profession that serves to protect, promote, and optimized the health and wellbeing of individuals, families, communities, and populations through care, regardless of age, race, sex, diagnosis, financial stability, and abilities or disabiliti es. As time progressed, nursing has been regarded as a human science, in which it not only requires one to be knowledgeable and skilful in the field of health care, but they must also possess a strong desire and passion to care and help patientsRead MoreSupply Chain Management : An Analysis Of The Green Environmental Management System835 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct or services. The Veterans Health Administration has established a required department in each VA facility that I feel meets the definition of sustainability. The Department of Veteran Affairs implemented the Green Environmental Management System (GEMS) to ensure that all facilities within the VA work to protect and hopefully improve the environment during the course of business. According to Veterans Health Administration Directive 7707, â€Å"an environmental management system (EMS) is a setRead MoreThe Impact Of Environmental Sustainability On The Environment Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesSoc 327 October 9, 2015 Reflection Paper # 1 If out of the 17 U.N. Millennium Development Goals for 2030 could be achieved, I feel that ensuring environmental sustainability would be most crucial. Environmental sustainability and development is necessary to reduce poverty and increase the wellbeing of not only today’s people, but for future generations.(1) These global environment isssues require a global solution. However inequality between countries creates environmental issues, uneven developmentRead MoreIndividual Global Crises Are the Result of a Failing Global System747 Words   |  3 Pagescritical information. In this paper I am going to explore many issues of global crises. I will argue that global crises such as environmental degradation, the diminishing of fossil fuels, food shortages, economic instability, and international terrorism are all the result of a failed global system. In the first section of this paper I will define and connect all of these global issues and discuss why each is a social problem. This will be followed by a critical reflection of the failed global systemRead MorePollution Context1192 Words   |  5 PagesTRACY-LEE PETERSEN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION EDA3046 ASSIGNMENT 2 UNIQUE NUMBER: 882222 1. Lesson Plan Scheme 2. Activity Sheet 1 3. Activity Sheet 2 4. Bibliograghy | | |Subject: Life Skills Grade: 3 Read MoreOccupational Safety And Health Act1260 Words   |  6 PagesSafety and Health Act passed in 1970. This act signals an important moment in occupational safety and health. Prior to 1970, the occupational safety and health were unsatisfactory. In fact, many accidents occurred in the workplace because of chemicals, dusts, and dangerous machines. There were many hazards in the workplace that contributed to terrible injuries and fatalities. Furthermore, in 1970 an estimated 14,000 workers were killed on the job. After the Occupational Safety and Health Act passedRead MoreNursing Theory1224 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Theory Paper THE ROY ADAPTATAION MODEL Kandace Wood Chamberlain College of Nursing Course Number: N501 March 2015 Introduction: Theories and models despite not being synonymous are used interchangeably in nursing. In general a theory is considered to be a speculative statement that is concerned with some elements of reality that are not yet proven. There are a number of theories in the field of nursing also which are used toRead MoreLeadership Experiences And Complexity Theory976 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial that the nurse has a good sense of holistic care to fulfill the many roles that we take part in to create client centered care and an ongoing support system. When reflection on my clinical experience ‘falls’ and â€Å"to increase strength and mobility’ were the most common diagnosis seen on the Kardex and patient chart. Public Health agency of Canada (2011) stated that one in three geriatric patients will have fallen within the last year and half of those who fell will experience multiple falls within

Crash, and The Forest, The Trees, and The One Thing Free Essays

The movie Crash tells the story of many seemingly unrelated people who are trying to live their lives in Los Angels, are actually intimately intertwined with each other. The article â€Å"The Forest, the Trees, and the One Thing† elaborates on the theme of interconnectivity by using the analogy of the individual trees, and how they come together to make a forest. Both the movie and the article show how people who are just trying to go about their dally lives affect others In more ways than we realize. We will write a custom essay sample on Crash, and The Forest, The Trees, and The One Thing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The locksmith played by Michael Penn was the easiest to empathic with, because he was one of the only characters who was genuinely a nice person. The scene where he gives his daughter the invisible, impenetrable cloak was easy for most people to empathic with because he was being a good father by making his daughter feel safe. He is one of the most touching characters because even when the Iranian man is yelling at him and treating him badly, he tries to explain to him that the door needs to be fixed, and not the lock that he keeps requesting. Sandra Bullock’s racism visibly disturbs and Insults Michael Penn when he Is fixing her lock, because Sandra Is yelling at her husband that the man ‘†with the jail tattoos† is going to go give their eyes to one of his â€Å"homiest† so they can break in and steal from them. Michael does not say anything though, but he makes sure to leave all of the keys on the counter in front of her when he leaves to show her that she is wrong. Sandra Bullocks character Is a great example of how racial attitudes shape behavior. When Sandra and her husband are walking home from dinner, she Instantly grabs his arm when she sees two black men walking towards them. She Is racist so she immediately assumes that since they are black, they will try to rob them, which coincidentally is exactly what happens. This incident only serves to strengthen her already racist beliefs. When they get home, she is so paranoid that she makes her husband get their locks changed, and then wants the locks to be changed again in the morning because the locksmith has tattoos and is Latino. Her racist attitude towards others begins to show Its downfalls when she falls down the stairs at the end of the movie, and her own â€Å"friends† will not take her to the hospital because she is at the spa. Sandra then relies on her Mexican maid, who she regularly berates, to take her to the hospital and make sure she is taken care of. Sandra realizes that her aid is the only one who was there for her, and that her maid is her only real friend. Matt Dillon plays a bitter, racist cop who is teaching his rookie partner the ways of the force. The last thing that he says to his rookie partner Is ‘Walt until you’ve been on the Job a few more years. Walt until you’ve been doing It a little bit longer. † Dillon is implying that after a few years, Ryan Philippe will start to see the trends that eventually lead to more black men being arrested than white men. This trend comes from racist cops who believe that black people are criminals, and it reinforces their life because they keep arresting black people. Dillon also blames the black supervisor at his fathers HOMO for not providing adequate treatment for his father. He thinks that she only has the Job because she Is black and he thinks that a more lady to get the Job. Ludicrous’ character is a stereotypical black criminal in LA who has vowed to only steal from white people. When he hits an Asian man in the street, he wanted to Just leave him to die, but his friend made sure that they dropped him off at a hospital. In the beginning of the movie, he complains to his friend that everyone else thinks that hey have him figured out because he’s black, especially when Sandra Bullock grabs her husband’s arm. He then proceeds to steal Sander’s car and prove that she was right to be scared. Ludicrous then breaks his one promise, to never steal from another black man, when he tries to carjack the Movie Director Cameron. After Cameron has the standoff with the police and he is let go with a warning, he drops off Ludicrous at a corner and tells him Mimi embarrass me. You embarrass yourself. † Ludicrous then commits what is probably the most morally correct act of his life by saving the updated Chinese people that he found in the back of a van that he had stolen. The last character that I am analyzing is Ryan Philippe, the rookie cop. When his partner Matt Dillon pulls over the black couple, he feels uneasy because he can see the racial motivation that his partner has for pulling him over. He is beginning to see â€Å"the real world† that is not sugar coated. When he requests to be moved to a solo car because he does not like how his partner is racist, the Chief tells him that he needs a better reason. He begins to realize that most people won’t personally care about him, and that they only care about themselves. He is becoming aware that it is a dog eat dog world, and he needs to learn in order to survive. The article â€Å"The Forest, the Trees, and the One Thing† and the movie Crash are both great examples of connectivity. In Crash, all of the characters affect each other in one way or another, and â€Å"The Forest, the Trees, and the One Thing† shows us, the readers, how we may affect more people than we think. The article tells us about the Forest, which is society, is made up of a multitude of trees, or individual people, and the One Thing that makes the Trees a Forest, is the One Thing, which is the interactions are connections between the Trees, between the individual people. This is also shown in the movie because of the many different interactions between all of the characters and how they unknowingly influence each other. The idea interactions and connectivity is expressed in â€Å"The Forest, the Trees, and the One Thing† is shown when the author says â€Å"The choices we make as individuals matter beyond our loves more than we can imagine†. The author also elaborates on the effects of racism in a society giving examples such as â€Å"When the subject of race and racism come up, white people often withdraw into silence as if paralyzed by guilt†. The character played by Ludicrous also expresses feeling similar to this when he talks to his friend about how everyone thinks that they know him and â€Å"type†. As humans we think of most things as a collection of parts that function together in order to do things that each part would be unable to do on its own. We think of families as individual people, the mother, father, daughter, son, sister, brother, and their relationships with each other is what makes them a family. If this is the way that we think of things and comprehend them, then we can think of society in that way as well, Just with more people, more trees. We begin to think about the relationships that we normally overlook, such as the cashier at the Cutbacks that you make small talk with while you we realize how much of an impact we have on other people with Just these little interactions, we realize that all of us play a large role in the big family that we call society. In the forest, little trees can be protected from storms under the canopy of larger trees, or the larger tree can slowly kill the smaller trees by not letting enough sunlight through. Without realizing it, everyone influences everyone, and that, is the one thing that makes Just a bunch of trees, a forest. How to cite Crash, and The Forest, The Trees, and The One Thing, Papers

Information System Client Server Architecture

Question: Discuss about the Information System of Client Server Architecture. Answer: Design Architecture The information system proposed for the Willowbrook School would be based on the Client/ Server Architecture because the school remains in scaling mode as there might be modification in the school system from time to time. Three-tier client-server architecture is the best option for the information system. Three-tier Client Server Architecture consists of the three main layers: Presentation Tier, Application tier, and Data Access or Database Tier. Each tier is separated from one another on the basis of complexity of users and how the data is being used which is there in the database. At the database tier, database is resided with its query processing languages. At application tier, usually the programs and the application server that make use of databases are resided. An abstracted view of database is presented at this tier i.e. any end user is not aware of the database at this tier. At the presentation tier, operation is done by the end users on this tier and they are unaware about the existence of database (Curtis, 1989). Development process will be facilitated by the three-tier architecture. The advantages of the architecture are as follows: Only Presentation logic will be contained in the Client Program. Therefore, it can facilitate the scaling process. Security is increased using three tier client server architecture. Performance is superior for mainly medium to high volume environments. Client workstation does not require much of the resources and there are enough resources available for the server for addressing the request of client. Data traffic is reduced on the network due to which school can be able to address more number of requests in lesser time. Support cost provided by this architecture is comparatively lower. It has a hidden database structure i.e. requesters cannot see the actual structure of database. Since, all the components are independent and can be modified separately; therefore, the modification in on tier does not affect the modification in another tier. The disadvantages of three tier architecture are as follows: Additional tools will be required to increase the performance if the volume goes high. There is a lot of difficulty to implement the complex business rules. Changes made in the business logic do not reflect in the server automatically. So, for reflecting the changes, there is a requirement for new client side software. There is no profit provided to the other database server platforms. Cost-Benefit Issues School is able to expand or shrink its scaling process with the help of client/server architecture. As much as branches of the school increases, school can be able to adjust the number for clients and also the processing functions can be easily managed instead of altering the capability of the large-scale central server(Curtis, 1989). Using Client/Server, it is easy to reduce the network load and to enhance the response times. Hardware Requirements Hardware components which are required for the system are as follows: Database Server such as SQL, Oracle, Informix etc. Web Server such as Apache, IIS, Nginx etc. Application Server Glassfish, WebSphere, WebLogic etc. Router such as Cisco 800, Cisco 827 etc. Access point for the internet. Computer system. System Design Specification System Design Specification is a document which is used to contain the information which is required to develop the system. Outline of the various modules/components: The system for the developed system architecture has been categorized mainly into three components i.e. Student, Teacher and School administrator. Key modules for these components are as follows: Main Module Login School Administrator Managing the details of the students. Managing exam schedules. Managing the details of the staff/teachers. Managing the details of payment. Managing the fees of students. Teachers/Staff: Managing the details of students. Managing the marks of students. Managing the question papers for exams. Managing the syllabus and lectures. Managing the subject details. Student Managing the details of the students which are entered by students in the system. The dependencies between different modules are described as follows: All the modules described above i.e. Students, staff/teachers and School Administrator relies on the single module i.e. the login module which provides various services to them. On the basis of login, users have been classified as (Dennis, Wixom and Roth, 2012) Unregistered Users: These users are the guest users who can just view the information about the school given on the site. Registered Users: These users are the authenticated users who are registered and can access all the services offered on the site. Registered users can be school administrator, staff members/teachers and students. New user can be created by signing up and approval is done by school administrator. User Interface Issues User Interface Issues are classified into the two types: One for User One for Administrator Detailed Description about the Components Element Name: Login Module Purpose of this login module is to provide entry to the registered users in the system. Only authorized users are allowed to access the system. There can be two types of users for this module: Registered Users or Guest/Unregistered Users. User must have the connection of internet to access this module. When a user logs in to the module, first of all, user gets connected to the server of company and by checking the credentials of login, entry is allowed by the servers in the system (Howe, 2001). If the user logs in as the registered user, then user is redirected to the page for which the user has privileges. If user is new and wants to create account, then user will be redirected to the registration page. Data of the login module would be stored in MySQL database. Element Name: Managing Student Purpose of this module is to allow user to manage the details of students. Student can be edited, added or deleted in this module. Details of the student are sent to the server to receive the corresponding response. If staff logs in to manage student data, then details of students such as name, subjects etc. can be modified. Or if student logs in, then student is able to check the assignment given by the teacher or can edit his/her contact details. User must have the internet connection to access the module. New student can be added and data can be stored in the database if the details are correct and are able to pass the business rules. Student can be deleted on the matching criterion. The student data is stored on the MySQL database(Howe, 2001). Element Name: Managing the marks of students Purpose of this module is to allow teachers to manage the marks of the students by uploading them and storing them into the database. Marks of the students are sent to the server. If the staff logs in to the module, then staff can upload the marks of the students. If student logs in to the module, then he/she can view their marks. Similarly, all the modules can work in the same way as above modules do. Internet connection is must for all the modules discussed. Application Development Methodology Application Development Methodology decided for this information system is Structured Methodology (Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Structured Methodology: It is easier to understand. It is a good industry standard. Milestones of methodology are unique and can be easily tracked. It is a mature type of methodology. Requirement validation is allowed in this technique. It follows the specific structure. Disadvantages of Structured Methodology: Since it is process-oriented, therefore non functional requirements are avoided in this technique. There is less involvement of direct management in this technique. Since it is non-iterative, therefore a single modification would cause the system to restart the entire process. This technique has no other tool than DFD to measure the progress. Users requirements are not always implemented(Maciaszek, 2001). Advantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: System development is simplified using this technique in comparison to other techniques. Robustness and code reuse are enhanced. Because a clear mapping is provided between the real world entities and the corresponding objects, therefore it helps in enhancing the understanding of design. Since analysis phase does not get separated from design phase, so users have a high level of communication between them. Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Methodology: The techniques emphasizes mainly on the code. Object Methodology has been more focused. Transforming the traditional SSAD to OOAD is very complex and more time consuming. Advantages of Agile Methodologies: In Agile, Customer Satisfaction is provided through rapid, continuous delivery of useful software. Main emphasis on people and interaction rather than focusing on processes and tools. Face-to-Face Communication is the best method to discuss about the progress of the project. Scrum meetings are arranged on daily or weekly basis. Changing requirements are always welcome. Attention to good design and excellent technology is given. Disadvantages of Agile Methodologies: Less focused on designing and documentation. Decisions can be taken by only senior programmers during the development process i.e. there is no importance of newbie programmers. High degree of uncertainty. Project can easily get taken off the track if customer is not clear that what final outcome is needed by them. Testing and Test Data Types of testing which are performed for this proposed system are as follows: Unit Testing: Unit Testing refers to testing a single or individual module at a time. Execution errors are eliminated which may terminate the program and logical errors are also eliminated. Integration Testing: Integration Testing refers to testing a combination or group of modules combined at a time. There are further many types of integration testing such as Big-bang Integration Testing, Top-Down Approach, and Bottom-up Approach Integration Testing System Testing: System Testing refers to the testing which is performed on the whole system i.e. whole system is tested. System is tested to assure that the system meets up with all required specifications and all required features are there in the system. Test Data: Test Data can be any live or sample data that is used for testing all the components of system whether it is related to validation or verification. Training Plan: In this information system for school, there will be three groups of users who require training. The groups of users are as follows (Howe, 2001): Users (Teachers/Staff, Students and School Administrator) : This group of users would be trained on the following topics: Overview of system i.e. flows of the information on system. Key terms related to system. Starting up and shutting down the system. Duties and Responsibilities towards the system. Main menu and further submenus. Frequently asked questions. Troubleshooting help. Handling problems. Management: Origin of project. Business goals. Controlling changes in system. Training to users. Enhancement of reports. Cost Analysis. Support: Documentation of system. Architecture of the system. Issues related to logging and resolving. Support of vendor. History and Justification of Project. Training for IT members. Training for user and management. All the trainings discussed above may perform in in-house only; there is no need to perform training at vendor-side. Data Conversion Plan Data Conversion of the activities can be incremental as well as iterative. Incremental approach is followed when the current system data has to be converted into the file system. Else if, the data has been completely transferred in the new system, iterative approach works. Data Entry is done in the following way: First of all, the information related to school is entered. Then, the branches of school if any are entered in the iterative manner i.e. data related to branch i.e. its name, city, address, contact number etc. are entered. Different programs and subjects offered by the school are entered. Then data related to staff and teachers are entered. In the data, system stores the details of students. Data of students should be handled securely as it contains the sensitive or confidential information such as their contact and payments details. If the information of students are stolen, then it might lead to problem. During automated conversion process, some documents are to be handled such as missing files, missing field values, failure in automated editing, and data which requires manual validation(Howe, 2001). System Changeover Approach For this given scenario, school does not have enough budgets to manage the high costs of changeover method except for the Direct Cutover. Since IT team has to operate and maintain one system at the time, therefore, it is recommended the least expensive changeover approach. Using this approach, old system starts working as soon as the new system comes to work. Abnormal errors may occur but they can be handled easily because of the simple implementation and development. As the school is not compatible with the old system, therefore this approach is only bet best option for the school system. It is difficult for the school to implement the parallel and other changeover techniques to implement for the school information system. Conclusion The analysis has been on an information system designed for a private school named as the Willowbrook School. The analysis report covers the type of system architecture the system will have, its advantages and disadvantages, systems physical and network topology, system design specification for the system, type of application development methodology the system will have, what type of testing will be done and how training will be given to different users of the system. Therefore, the report covers all the aspects related to the school system. References Curtis, G. (1989).Business information systems. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley. Dennis, A., Wixom, B. and Roth, R. (2012).System analysis and design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. George, J. (2004).Object-oriented systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoffer, J., George, J. and Valacich, J. (1999).Modern systems analysis and design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Howe, D. (2001).Data analysis for database design. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Kroenke, D. (2009).MIS essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Marmel, E. (2004).Microsoft Office Project 2003 bible. New York: Wiley. Maciaszek, L. (2001).Requirements analysis and system design. Harlow, England: Addison-Wesley. Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J. (2001).Essentials of systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Paramount Health and Beauty Essay Example

Paramount Health and Beauty Essay Paramount Health and Beauty Company is in the process of launching a new technologically advanced nondisposable razor â€Å"Clean Edge†. With its improved design, Clean Edge provides superior performance by utilizing a vibrating technology to stimulate hair follicles and lift the hair from the skin, allowing for a more thorough shave. The company has decided to introduce it in the men’s market where it has a strong presence. The company is now focussing on positioning and naming of this new product. It also needs to decide on the promotional activities to be performed adhering to the budget constraints and also must decide on the distribution channels through which it can reach to the masses. Industry experts have divided the nondisposable razor and refill cartridge market into three segments based on price and quality: value, moderate and super premium. Paramount currently offers two products: Paramount Pro operating in the moderate segment and Paramount Avail operating in the value segment. With these two products, it captured the unit-volume market leader position with a 23% retail unit share and is now a respected brand in the industry. But neither Pro nor Avail had introduced significant technology innovations in the last five years. In the last decade, the industry has experienced significant growth in the super premium segment and has catered various product innovations and new technologies. The executives of the company have come to a consensus that the Clean Edge razor should be priced in the super premium segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paramount Health and Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But they are still sceptical on how to position the product. One strategy is to release the product into the mainstream razor market within the super premium segment and position it as the most effective razor available. Another is to introduce it as a niche product targeting the most intensely involved super premium consumers who look for superior skin care products. Both the positioning strategies have their own pros and cons. Also, clean edge razor faces a threat from a new entrant â€Å"Naiv† manufactured by one of its strong competitors Radiance. It also works on a similar technology and is due to release in September 2010. Naiv acquired a 13% share in test markets and based on Radiance’s past launches in the new product category Paramount believes that it would be a great success. It will also get an advantage of early entry into the market and is likely to be positioned as a niche product in the super premium segment. Also it is estimated that radiance would spend over $16 million for media advertising while Paramount aces a limitation in its budget for media advertising. The projected price of naiv is $11. 80 while that of clean edge razor, if introduced in the niche market, is 12. 99. Therefore some of the executives in Paramount feel that it is not a good idea to position it as a niche product. Positioning it as a mainstream entry has an advantage of preventing the existing customer base of Paramount moving to more innovative brands. It also can distinguish itself from the other competitors with its technical effi ciency. The projected price of clean edge is $11. 9 in this segment, which is lower than the price of Naiv. This gives clean edge an advantage over Naiv. But the problem here is that it already has a product in mainstream – Paramount Pro and introducing clean edge to this segment will lead to dilution of the brand power resulting in cannibalization. Here arises the need for executives to analyze the situation and come up with a strategy that best suits company’s interests. Recommendations: Positioning Clean Edge as the most effective available razor in the mainstream market would be the better option because Paramount has a prior experience in this sector and it would be easy for them to sustain in the market. Present sales of the Paramount in razor industry come to $170 million and Paramount Pro contributes to this significantly. By introducing Clean Edge in the mainstream sector a 60% fall in the sales of Pro is predicted and the revenue generated by it will come down to $68 million. But it is expected that clean edge will generate a revenue of $147. million* and in turn Paramount can achieve a net sales of $215. 8 million. Marketing cost is approximated to $42 million and Paramount will be able to generate a profit of $173. 8 million. If they had positioned it in the niche segment they would lose only 35% sales of Pro. But at the same time, due to the constraints in the market clean edge can raise sales of only $52. 8 million and the net sales will total to $163. 3 million. Here the marketing cost is approximated to $15 million and the revenue generated will amount to $148. million. Thus the figures clearly indicate that concentrating the mainstream would be more beneficial. Also Paramount will be able to achieve a profit margin of $3. 09 per unit even after providing distributors a margin of $3. 36 per unit. Since the product is being positioned in the mainstream segment it would be better if it is named â€Å"Paramount Clean Razor† because this helps customers relate with the brand and would be easier for it to compete with Naiv since it is a recognized brand in this sector. Also, by this Paramount can actually retain their old customers. Retail stores and drug stores must be focused for distribution since they perform volume sales of about 42% and 29% respectively. Special discounts must be given to them for bulk orders so as to gain more shelf space and their support too. *Calculated using weighted average factor that came out to 0. 284 and by comparing market expense and sales which are in fixed proportion as mentioned in the case.

Lab report on pineapple and jello Essays

Lab report on pineapple and jello Essays Lab report on pineapple and jello Paper Lab report on pineapple and jello Paper This specificity is due to the shapes of the enzyme molecules. Pineapples Pineapples lush, tropical sweetness is reason enough to enjoy it any way you can, but this fruit also contains vitamin C and manganese. This fruits most promising nutritional asset, though, may be broomball, a natural enzyme found in both the fruit and the stem. Most of the pineapple consumed in the United States is canned (in the form of juice as well as fruit), but fresh pineapple is much more flavor, and , despite its tough bristly shell, is easy to prepare. The fruit probably first grew wild in parts of South America and then spread to the Caribbean, where Columbus encountered it. By 1600, early European explorers had carried pineapples as far as China and the Philippines. In the 18th century, pineapples were taken to the Hawaiian Islands, eventually becoming the major fruit crop. Hawaiian pineapple producers were the first to can the fruit. Broomball The pineapple plant contains protein-digesting enzymes called, as a group, broomball. In the health world, these enzymes are regarded as useful in reducing muscle and tissue inflammation (hence the joint pain and wound-healing possibilities), as well as acting as a digestive aid. In the cooking world, on the other hand, broomball is regarded as the enemy of the gelatin dessert. If you use fresh pineapple in gelatin, the enzyme eats the protein and the gelatin will not gelin fact broomball is measured in units called GAL., or gelatin digesting units. The classic kitchen trick for getting around this pineapple-gelatin incompatibility is to cook the pineapple, thus reducing the power of the broomball. Recipes that would highlight the benefits of broomball start with fresh pineapple (which has two to three times the amount of broomball as canned pineapple does), and is then subjected to as little heat as possible. Broomball is used in meat dendrites, in hill-proofing beer, manufacturing recorded cereals, in certain cosmetics, and in preparation to treat edema and inflammation. Gelatin Gelatin, a familiar, ingredient in cooking, is obtained by boiling the skin, tendons, and ligaments of animals. As a result, it contains protein called collagen ( a primary component of joints, cartilage, and nails), and various amino acids (histamine, lysine, Lucien, thyrotrophic, and valise, to name a few). Remember: amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Gelatin has long been a key ingredient for providing support for jelled deserts, salads, frozen drinks, and soft candies such as Gummy Bears. In fact, the word gelatin is derived from the Latin gelatin, meaning stiff or frozen. ) Scientists have been studying gelatin for centuries. It has no smell or taste of its own, adapting to whatever it is added to. During the Napoleonic Wars, the French, desperate for nutrition SOUrces during the English blockade, reportedly first turned to gelatin as a source of protein (albeit a weak one). Gelatin began its long run as a popular consumable, however, in the offs, when it was first developed and then heavily promoted as a commercial product by Charles Knox, founder of the Knox Gelatin Corporation. In addition to its famous giggly food uses, gelatin with its flexible, dissociable structure is also used to manufacture capsules (both hard and soft-gel) to hold medications, vitamins, and other dietary supplements. It also has a range of industrial and medical engineering applications: Gelatin is an ingredient in film coatings, medical devices such as artificial heart valves, and in specialized meshes used to repair wounds, to name a few. Collagen About one quarter of all the protein in your body is collagen. It is a major structural material that forms molecular cables to strengthen the tendons and silent sheets that support the skin and internal organs. Bones and teeth are made by adding mineral crystals to collagen. Collagen provides structure to our bodies, protecting and supporting the softer tissues and connecting them with the skeleton. But, in spite of its critical function in the body, collagen is a relatively simple protein. Collagen from livestock animals is a familiar ingredient in cooking. Collagen is a protein, and like most proteins, when heated, it loses all of its structure. The polymer molecule unwinds. Then, when the denatured mass cools down, it soaks p all of the surrounding water like a sponge, forming gelatin. Lab 1 Objective: What form of pineapple juice contains enzymes that digest protein? Materials: For each group For entire class For every 3 groups 1 envelope Knox gelatin 4 test tubes water 1 test tube rack pineapple juices (below) 1 spoon Measuring cup ml) disposable pipettes hot plate to heat H2O ml graduated cylinder ml graduated cylinder Marking pen Procedure: 1 . Number and label the test tubes 1-4 and use the initials of a group member to identify your group. 2. Find 2 other groups and prepare 1 package of gelatin n the measuring cup using ml of boiling water and 30 ml of cold water. Stir well with a spoon until the gelatin is dissolved. 3. Place 3 ml of the designated pineapple juice into each test tube. Use a separate pipette for each type of juice. Failure to do so may result in mixing of the juice types and inaccurate results. Tube 1: water only Tube 2: fresh pineapple juice Tube 3: Canned pineapple juice Tube 4: Concentrated pineapple juice (thawed) 4. Add 10 ml of gelatin mixture to each test tube. Shake well to ensure proper mixing and place your samples in the refrigerator overnight using a test tube rack. . On Day 2, check the contents of each test tube for solidification of the contents and record your observations. Lab 2 Objective What effect does temperature have on an enzyme? For each group For entire class For every 2 groups 1 envelope Knox gelatin 6 test tubes water 1 test tube rack pineapple juices (below) 1 spoon 1 (1 ml) disposable pipette 100 ml graduated cylinder ml graduated cylinder Marking Pen Hot plate 1. Prepare the Knox gelatin by mixing 1 package of gelatin in the measuring cup using ml of boiling water and 30 ml of cold water. Stir well with a spoon until the gelatin is dissolved. 2. Number the test tubes from 1-5. Label the remaining test tube as ART (room temperature). 3. Each group will be assigned their own temperature gradient ranging from ICC 100 C. Each group must record the test tube numbers and the corresponding test temperatures for each test tube. Record the temperature of the room for the temperature for the ART test tube. 4. Next, add 3 ml of pineapple juice to each test tube. 5. Then heat each test tube to the appropriate temperature as assigned. Leave the test tube ART at room temperature. (HINT: start with all the test tubes in cool water in a glass beaker water bath. Gradually increase the temperature withdrawing the numbered test tubes in ICC increments in order as the appropriate temperature level in the bath is reached. 6. After the test tubes have been pulled from the water bath, add 10 ml of Knox gelatin (prepared in step 1) to each test tube and mix well. 7. Finally, place the test tubes in the refrigerator overnight. 8. On day 2, check each test tube for solidification or liquidity of the contents and record your observations. Objective Lab 3 What effect does pH have on enzyme activity? 1 envelope Knox gelatin 3 test tubes goggles apron (1 ml) disposable pipettes water 100 ml graduated cylinder 10 ml graduated cylinder MM HCI MM Niacin pineapple juice the gelatin is dissolved. 2. Label 1 test tube A for acid, 1 test tube B for base, and the last test tube C for control. 3. Place ml of pineapple juice into each of the labeled test tubes. Transfer 1 ml of base, 1 ml acid, and Mil of water into the appropriate test tubes of pineapple juice. HINT: Use a different pipette for each test tube to avoid contamination. 4. Add 10 ml of gelatin mixture to each test tube. Mix well, being careful to not get any of the acid or base on your skin. . Refrigerate the test tubes overnight and on day 2 check each test tube for solidification or liquidity of the contents. Record your observations. Enzyme Pre-Lab Questions: Directions: Read the background material provided to you. Using this material, your notes, and text, answer the following questions. 1. By definition, what is an enzyme? 2. (a) Describe what happens when a protein denatures. (b) Is the denatured protein still able to function? 3. (a) What is the name of the enzyme we are using in this lab? (b) What fruit is it found in? 4. (a) What is the protein we are using in this lab? B) For this lab, what is our food source for the protein? 5. In your own words, describe what happens to collagen when it is heated. 6. Read the procedure for Enzyme Lab 1. Make a hypothesis regarding which of the four juices (water, fresh pineapple juice, boxed juice, concentrated juice) will be solid and which will be liquid when you examine your results on Day 2. 7. Why is water used as a juice in Enzyme Lab 1? 8. Read the directions for Enzyme Lab 2. Make a hypothesis as to the nature of the contents of each test tube at Day 2; which test tubes contents will be solid and which will be liquid? 9. Why do you hypothesize this? 10.

Competing in World Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competing in World Markets - Essay Example t varies from one place to the other, for instance some regions witness high rates of poverty, hence low purchasing power and this undermines international trade. There are also economic barriers to international trade for example the famous global financial crisis which has led to high inflation and bailouts (Shah, 2011). Finally political barriers for example formation of trade bodies like world trade organization, (WTO). It is mandated to promote free and fair global trade but it has been criticized for serving the interests of rich countries therefore exploiting the poor ones (Shah, 2011). Political barriers are the most significant since politics involves power and allocation of resources and it dominates social, economic and cultural issues of trade. To curb the barriers, many businesses employ earned value technique to measure their progress. Earn value is a monitoring tool used to find out whether the budget and the planned time frame tallies with the actual work done to est ablish if the project is on track. There are barriers to smart earned value like cost, performance and quality. Opponents of the technique say that its implementation cost and efforts are enormous yet the derived benefits of implementation are limited (Tammo, 1999). This means that a business may spend a great deal to implement this project management tool but there may be low quality output. Cost barrier is the most difficult one to overcome since a business always need money to expand and operate. If more money is used to implement earned value technique then the business may run at squeezed profits or even at a loss due to high cost of

Project Management Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Review - Essay Example While the former deals with system, the latter is related to environment and culture. It is necessary to develop a clear project scope statement that connects the project and customer. In addition, it is necessary for planning and control. Thereafter, there is proper work breakdown that will enable proper planning and monitoring of the progress of the project. As a result, the project and its changes will be properly documented and traceable. On the other hand, as Larson, and Gray, point out, the sociocultural aspects deal with developing a social system that incorporates the talents of various people working together to complete a project (14). It is the sociocultural aspect that develops a project culture that enhances teamwork and ensures high level of motivation. In addition, it should ensure provisions to quickly solve problems. Also, the dimension takes into consideration the interaction between the project and external environment. In total, it is about developing conducive so cial network of skilled professionals. II The three main elements which are to be balanced continuously in a project are time, cost and performance. In fact, in a project, these three constraints are not independent. Instead, they interact each other. For example, if resources are added to shorten the time period, there will be a rise in the project cost. For example, every project is evaluated according to â€Å"accomplishment, cost, and time period† (Larson, and Gray, 5). So, it becomes the most important function of a project management to balance the tradeoffs between time, cost and performance as a way to satisfy the customer in the end. III There are three basic ways to organize a project team. They are functional organization, dedicated project teams, and matrix structure. In the functional organization, the project is managed within the traditional, functional departments of an organization. Some examples are the departments of R&D and IT. This form is usually selecte d when the number of functional departments in the project is just one or two. In addition, in this system, one department is mainly responsible for implementation and it is this department that plays the most important role in the project. However, this system many not be suitable when a project is complex that requires a lot of independent decision making. However, a dedicated project team is usually an independent organizational unit, and it has members who devote their full time effort on the project. This team is suitable when the project is complex and large which requires a considerable number of functional disciplines, often more than six. The last one is matrix structure of organization. For this team, multiple functional units within the company are incorporated for people to be team members as needed. This form is often adopted when the project size is medium; that is bigger for the traditional functional organization and smaller for a full time dedicated team. In other w ords, when there are four to six functional disciples in a project, the matrix system is favored. The advantages of the traditional functional organization are flexibility, in-depth expertise, easy project transition, and lack of changes. However, the issues associated with this form are lack of focus due to fewer obligations, poor interaction among functional units, slow speed, and lack of motivation

Essay on Asymmetric Threat and Differences between International and

On Asymmetric Threat and Differences between International and Domestic Terrorism - Essay Example This form of intimidated has caused the nation to suffer economically as the security of the citizens is compromised while working thus affecting productivity. Terrorism is among the asymmetrical risks affecting the United States. The term asymmetrical threat refers to a threat where the group causing the terror is widely spread and operates within a shadowy network. The group is difficult to identify as it is camouflaged within the citizens living in the country. The organized groups are at times well funded and possess technology and weapons that are used to cause terror within the country. In simpler terms, asymmetric treats can be used to refer the technique of warfare that is not fair. The term fair in war can be used to refer to the use of surprise or unconventional weapon during the war. Asymmetric treat is successful mainly due to the use of the attacker’s strength to exploit the opponent’s weakness. Politics plays a significant part in the nature of terrorism w ithin a country. The United States have been attacked by many threats from Muslim nations. The world trade center came under attack from a Pakistani decedent in 1993 called Ramzi Yousef. The group parked an explosive filled rental van in the packing lot of tower one. His idea was to collapse the tower onto the second tower using urea nitrate. The bomb did a lot of  destruction but did not collapse according to Ramzi’s plan (Post, Ruby & Shaw, 2002). The paper will evaluate some of the asymmetric threats in the history of the  US and the cause of action taken by the government to counter these asymmetric threats. The government can act through legislative and executive means. This means that the legislative arm of government can create new law or the executive can make laws responding to the treat. One of the significant asymmetrical threats suffered by the US in the resent past includes the September Eleventh bombing of the trade towers. The threats become eminent due to the influence of the US on foreign Muslim nation and the war against terrorism. Prior to the bombing, a series of bombing aimed towards the US and its allies had been witnessed with bombing in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, claiming a total of 19 US casualties and a significant number of the nations citizens (Post, Ruby & Shaw, 2002). The organization responsible for this attack and the threat was the Al-Qaeda group headed by Osama Bin Laden. On September 11, the group hijacked four passenger airliners and attacked America’s trade center which doubled as a symbol of the nation’s economic and military strength. The air strike resulted to the destruction of the buildings and the  killing of 2,726 people on American soil. The action taken by the legislature was aimed at ensuring that such an attack did not take place again and capturing the mastermind of the attack. The public law 107-40 was among the law passed giving the president the power to use force necessary to elim inate any organization responsible. Laws governing judicial detentions were amended to allow secret detention. The department of homeland security was created during this period. The USA patriotic Act allowed the USA government to interdict terrorist and also a criminal statute against those harboring terrorists (Monaghan, 2000). The post World War II world raised increasing concerns regarding the communism threat. Those accused of communism and involvement with the

Symptoms causes and possible solutions of Dementia

Symptoms causes and possible solutions of Dementia Introduction (source, NHS) Dementia is a syndrome (a group of related symptoms) that is associated with an ongoing decline  of the brain and its  abilities. These include: thinking, language, memory,  Ã‚   understanding, and judgement. People with dementia may also have problems controlling their emotions or  behaving appropriately in social situations. Aspects of their personality may change. Most cases of dementia are caused by damage to the structure of the brain. How common is dementia? Dementia is a common condition. In  England alone, there are currently 570,000 people living with dementia. That number is expected to double over the next 30 years. Usually dementia occurs in people who are 65  or over. The older you get, the more likely you are to develop it. It is estimated that dementia occurs in: 1.4% of men and 1.5% of women aged between 65 and 69, 3.1% of men and 2.2% of women aged between 70 and 74, 5.6% of men and 7.1% of women aged between 75 and 79, 10.2 % of men and 14.1% of women aged between 80 and 84, and 19.6% of men and 27.5% of women aged 85 or over. Types of dementia Listed below are the different types of dementia. Alzheimers disease, where small clumps of protein, known as plaques, begin to develop around brain cells. This disrupts the normal workings of the brain. Vascular dementia, where problems with blood circulation result in parts of the brain not receiving enough blood and oxygen. Dementia with Lewy bodies, where abnormal structures, known as Lewy bodies, develop inside the brain. Frontotemporal dementia, where the frontal and temporal lobes (two parts of the brain) begin to shrink. Unlike other types of dementia, frontotemporal dementia usually develops in people who are under 65. It is much rarer than other types of dementia. This  section focuses on vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. See Useful links for more information about Alzheimers disease. Outlook In clinical terms, the outlook for dementia is not good. In most cases, there is no cure  and symptoms will get worse over time. However, even if a persons dementia cannot be cured, there are a number of effective treatments that can help them to cope better with their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Symtoms Vascular dementia The symptoms of vascular dementia can develop suddenly and quickly  worsen.  Or they can develop gradually over  many months. Symptoms  include: increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require concentration and planning, memory loss, depression, changes in personality and mood, periods of mental confusion, low attention span, urinary incontinence, stroke-like symptoms, such as muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, wandering during the night, and slow and unsteady gait (the way that you walk). Symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies The symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies usually develop gradually  but get  more severe over the course of many years. The symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies include: memory loss, low attention span, periods of mental confusion, delusions (believing in things that are not true), difficulty planning ahead, muscle stiffness, slower movement, shaking and trembling of arms and legs, shuffling while walking, problems sleeping,   loss of facial expression, and visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not  there). Usually people will see other people or animals that are not real. Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia is caused by damage to the parts of the brain that help control emotional responses and behaviour. Therefore, many of the initial symptoms of frontotemporal dementia involve changes in emotion, personality and behaviour. Someone with frontotemporal dementia may  become less sensitive to other peoples emotions. This can make them  seem cold and unfeeling. They may also lose some of their inhibitions. This could lead to strange behaviour, such as  making sexually suggestive gestures in a public place, being rude to others or making tactless comments. Other symptoms of frontotemporal dementia include: aggression, compulsive behaviour, being easily distracted, an increasing lack of interest in washing themselves, and personality changes. A  person who was previously withdrawn may become very outgoing, or vice versa. Some people with frontotemporal dementia also  have problems with language. Symptoms affecting language include: speaking far less than usual, or not speaking at all, having problems finding the right words to express themselves, and using many words to describe something simple. For example, saying a metal and wooden tool used for digging instead of a spade Causes of dementia   Vascular dementia Vascular dementia is caused when there is an interruption to the blood supply to the brain. Like all organs, in order to  work properly the brain needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients that is provided by the blood. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die, resulting in brain damage. The blood supply to the brain can become blocked during a stroke where either: a blood clot blocks the supply of blood to the brain, known as an ischaemic stroke, or a blood vessel becomes weakened and then splits. This is known as a haemorrhagic stroke. Sometimes, less severe blockages to the brain do not result in a stroke, but they can damage the brain to a lesser extent. This is known as a silent brain infarction. Not everyone who has had a stroke or a silent brain infarction will go on to  get vascular dementia. But  it always remains a possibility, particularly in people who have multiple strokes or silent brain infarctions. Vascular dementia can also develop if the vessels inside the brain narrow and harden. Narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels is known as arteriosclerosis. Know risk factors for arteriosclerosis include: diabetes, obesity, smoking, drinking  too much  alcohol, lack of exercise, and eating a high-fat diet Dementia with Lewy bodies Lewy bodies are small, circular  lumps of protein that develop inside the brain. It is not known what causes  them. It is also unclear how  they damage the brain and cause dementia. One theory is that they block the effects of two neurotransmitters called dopamine and acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters are messenger chemicals that send information from one brain cell to another. Both dopamine and acetylcholine are thought to play an important role in helping to regulate many important mental functions, such as memory, learning, mood and attention. Therefore, by blocking their effects, Lewy bodies may trigger dementia. Frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia is caused by two parts of the brain (the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe) becoming increasingly damaged and then shrinking. In an estimated 40 to 50% of cases, people who develop frontotemporal dementia have inherited a genetic mutation (an altered gene) from their parents. These genetic mutations are thought to  have a negative effect on a protein known as the tau protein. All brain cells contain tau proteins. They help to keep the brain cells stable. However, if tau proteins stop working properly, they can damage brain cells. If  no genetic mutation  is found, the causes of frontotemporal dementia  remain unknown. Less common causes of dementia Dementia or dementia-like symptoms can have a number of less common causes, some of which are treatable. These include: repeated  injury to the head, infections of the brain, such as meningitis or encephalitis, Huntingtons disease, a rare genetic condition that causes progressive brain damage, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rare and fatal condition that causes damage to the brain and nervous system, an overactive or underactive thyroid gland, dehydration, lack of  vitamin B in the diet, poisoning,  for example from lead or pesticides,   having a brain tumour, and certain lung and heart conditions that interrupt the supply of blood and oxygen to the brain. Diagnosing dementia   Confirming a diagnosis of dementia can be difficult, particularly when the condition is in its early stages. This is because many of the symptoms of dementia can be caused by other  conditions. In order  for dementia to be  diagnosed correctly, you should  have a number of different tests and assessments including: A  review of your medical history. A  full assessment of your mental abilities.   A range of  tests,  including blood tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms, such as a vitamin B deficiency. Imaging scans, such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which can provide information about the physical state and structure of your brain. A  review of any medication you may be taking, in case these are contributing to your symptoms. Some of these tests can be carried out by your GP. Others will be carried out by other specialists, such as a neurologist (an expert in treating conditions that affect the brain and nervous system) or a psychiatrist with experience in treating dementia. Assessing your mental abilities There are some questionnaires that can be used to help  test your mental abilities and how severe your symptoms are. One widely used questionnaire is the  Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The MMSE can be used to assess a number of different mental abilities including: short- and long-term memory, attention span, concentration, language and communication skills, ability to plan, and ability to understand instructions. The MMSE is a series of questions, each carrying a score that can give a maximum result of 30 points. Example questions include: memorising a short list of objects and then repeat the list back, writing a short sentence that is grammatically correct, such as the dog sat on the floor, and correctly indentifying the current day of the week, followed by the date, the month, the season and the year. While the MMSE cannot diagnosis dementia by itself, it is  useful for assessing the level of mental impairment that a person with dementia may have. A  score of 25 or above is considered normal. A  score of 18 to 24 indicates mild to moderate impairment. A  score of 17 or below indicates serious impairment. Ruling out other conditions There are  further tests that can be used to rule out other conditions that may be responsible for the patients symptoms. These tests are outlined below. A full blood count A full blood count can be used to assess your general health and check for a range of disorders, including anaemia and infection. A blood sample will usually be taken from a vein in your arm using a needle and syringe. The test will also check for other illnesses. Blood glucose test A blood glucose test can be used to determine whether your blood glucose level is normal, and can also determine whether you have diabetes. A blood sample is taken to rule out whether your symptoms might be caused by undiagnosed diabetes. Urine analysis Urine analysis is used to diagnose diabetes or problems with your kidneys. During the test, you will be asked to pass a small sample of urine into a sterile container. Measurement of thyroid hormones A measurement of your thyroid hormones may be taken in order to screen for thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).   Measurement of vitamin B12 levels You may also have a test to check  whether your symptoms are caused by a lack of vitamin B12. However, if  you do  have a B12 deficiency, it is still possible that you may also have dementia. Imaging scans Imaging scans can check if there are any underlying problems with your brain, such as a brain tumour, that could  help explain  your symptoms. Imaging scans can also identify changes in the appearance of the brain that may indicate dementia. Several types of imaging scans can be used in the diagnosis of dementia. These are described below. Magnetic resonance imaging A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is the best way to rule out other brain problems, and to help diagnose the type of dementia. MRI scans help doctors determine whether: there is any shrinkage to the outer layer of the brain, there is any evidence of changes to the blood vessels, or there are any blood clots that might have resulted in vascular dementia. The test will also show whether other conditions, such as a brain tumour, are causing your symptoms. Computerised topography A computerised topography (CT) scan can be used as an alternative to a MRI scan. A CT scan takes a series of X-ray images of your brain. The images are fed into a computer to build up a detailed  3D image of the inside of your brain. Single photon-emission computed tomography A single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan may be recommended if doctors are unsure whether you have Alzheimers disease, frontotemporal dementia or vascular dementia. A SPECT scan is similar to a CT scan, but the scanner used for a SPECT scan is able to take moving pictures of the blood flow in your brain. The results show if the blood flow in your brain is abnormal, which can often be used to help diagnose the type of dementia. Treating dementia   Your care plan If you are diagnosed with dementia, your future health and social care needs will be assessed and a care plan will be drawn up. A care plan is a way of ensuring that you receive the right treatment for your needs. Examples of questions that could  come up  while drawing up your care plan are listed below. Do  you have a family member or friend willing to act as a carer? What support do you or your carer need for you  to remain as independent as possible? Are there  any changes that need to be made to your  home to make it easier to live in? Would you benefit from physical and occupational therapy? Do  you need additional treatment and advice to help you cope with symptoms of incontinence? Might you require residential care at some point in the future? It is important to remember that this is your care plan. You should ask as many questions as you want and make sure that your wishes are known. Patient consent and advanced directive Patient consent means that you have to give express permission before any medical treatment can be carried out on you. Consent is needed for all  treatments, whether its a simple blood test or an organ donation. The only  time when treatment can go ahead without your  permission is if you  are unable to  make a decision on your own, and the  doctors responsible for your care believe that treatment is in your best interests. There may be a time in the future when your symptoms mean that you  are no longer able  to give consent. Therefore, you may wish to draw up an advanced directive after first receiving a diagnosis of dementia.   An advanced directive  makes your treatment preferences known now, in case you are not able to do this later. Subjects  covered by  an advanced directive can include: what treatment you would consider having and in what circumstances, what types of treatment you would never wish to have, no matter what the circumstances, what type of end-of-life care you would wish to have, for example, whether you would want to be resuscitated by artificial means, such as having a breathing tube inserted into your neck if you  have lung failure, and whether you would be willing to donate organs after your death. You cannot request anything illegal in your advanced directive, such as assisted suicide. Your care team will be able to provide you with more information and advice about advanced directives. You may wish to appoint a friend or family member to take care of your financial and legal affairs. This is known as granting power of attorney. See  Useful links  for information and advice about granting power of attorney. Psychological treatments There are a number of different psychological treatments that can be used to help you cope  with the symptoms of dementia and slow down the  symptoms. These  are described  below. Cognitive stimulation Cognitive stimulation involves taking part in activities and exercises that are designed to improve your memory, problem-solving skills and language ability. It  is provided by a trained carer, and usually consists of two 45-minute sessions a week. During these, you will be involved in discussions about a variety of topics, as well as taking part in word and memory games, and other activities, such as trying to identify pictures of famous people. Behavioural therapy Behavioural therapy is used to help treat many of the behavioural problems that are associated with dementia, such as depression, aggression and delusional thinking. Behavioural therapy is usually provided by a carer, who can be a trained friend, relative or an employed carer. It is  supervised by  a health professional. Behavioural therapy uses a problem-solving approach where possible motivations and reasons for troublesome behaviour are identified. Different strategies are adopted to try to change that behaviour. For example, a person with dementia may have a history of wandering out of their home or care centre because they feel restless. Therefore, a strategy that involves encouraging them to take part in regular physical exercise may  lessen their restlessness.   Reality orientation therapy Reality orientation therapy is a type of therapy  that reduces  feelings of mental disorientation, memory loss and confusion, while improving feelings of self-esteem. Reality orientation therapy may involve group work in a classroom, in which a board prominently displays information such as: the current day and date, the location of the classroom, and the names of the people in the group. The group members repeat  a series of tasks that are designed to  give mental stimulation. These tasks also  reinforce information regarding the time, the place  and the people involved in the group. Multisensory stimulation Multisensory stimulation is a way of stimulating the brain  using different elements. These include  lighting, relaxing music and sounds, massage cushions, aromatherapy (scents) and different touch sensations. By stimulating different areas of the brain, multisensory stimulation aims to lessen feelings of confusion and restlessness, and  improve mood and language skills. However,  this treatment is not suitable  for everyone with dementia, as some people find the effects of stimulation upsetting and unpleasant. Exercise therapy Exercise therapy consists of either general fitness training or a structured fitness programme. It is designed to improve a persons physical mobility, as well as benefiting mental function and mood. Medicines Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used to treat Alzheimers disease. They are not usually recommended for other forms of dementia because the evidence for their effectiveness is limited and, in some cases, may make symptoms worse. One exception is for people living with dementia with Lewy bodies that have behavioural problems, such as delusions or hallucinations,  which are causing them significant distress or leading to challenging behaviour. AIs  work by preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as low levels of acetylcholine have been linked to behavioural problems. Side effects include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle cramps, fatigue, loss of appetite, agitation, aggressive behaviour, dizziness and fainting, insomnia, and urinary incontinence. Antipsychotics Antipsychotics are medicines that can be used to treat challenging and disruptive behaviour, such as aggression or agitation. However, antipsychotics are not usually recommended for the treatment of dementia because: they can increase the risk of a person experiencing cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes, and they can make the symptoms of dementia worse. Also, in people who have dementia with Lewy bodies there is evidence that antipsychotics can cause a range of serious side effects, such as: rigidity, immobility, being unable  to perform tasks, being unable  to communicate and,  possibly, sudden death. Antipsychotics are usually only used in cases where there are severe symptoms of challenging and disruptive behaviour that is judged to place you and/or others at risk of harm. They are only used if there is a full discussion between yourself and/or your carer and your care team about the benefits and risks of treatment. Antipsychotics will be prescribed at the lowest dose  possible, and for as short a time as possible. Your health will also need to be carefully monitored  if you are taking antipsychotics. Side effects of antipsychotics can include: drowsiness, shaking, trembling, muscle twitches, spasms, weight gain, blurred vision, constipation, lack of sex drive, and a dry mouth. Preventing Dementia Preventing vascular dementia While it is not possible to prevent all cases of dementia, there are some measures that  can help  prevent vascular dementia, as well as cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks.  As experts in treating dementia often say, What is good for your heart is also good for your head. The best ways to prevent vascular dementia are: Eat a healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Get sufficient and regular exercise.   Drink alcohol in moderation. Dont smoke. Diet To help prevent dementia, a low-fat and  high-fibre diet is recommended. This includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (five portions a day) and wholegrains. Limit the amount of salt that you eat to no more than  six grams  a day. Too much salt will increase your blood pressure, which puts you at risk of vascular dementia. One teaspoonful of salt is about six grams. Avoid eating foods that are high in saturated fat because this will increase your cholesterol level, which also puts you at risk of vascular dementia. Foods high in saturated fat include: meat pies, sausages and fatty cuts of meat, butter, ghee (clarified butter, often used in Indian cooking), lard, cream, hard cheese, cakes and biscuits, and foods that contain coconut or palm oil. Eating some foods that are high in unsaturated fat can decrease your cholesterol level. Foods high in unsaturated fat include: oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds, and sunflower, rapeseed and olive oils. Weight Being overweight can increase your blood pressure, which increases the risk of vascular dementia. This  risk is higher if you are obese. The most scientific way to measure your weight is to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres, squared. In the UK, people with a BMI of between 25 and 30 are overweight, and those with an index above 30 are  obese. People with a BMI of 40 or more are morbidly obese. The best way of tackling obesity is to reduce the amount of calories that you eat, and ensure that you take regular and sufficient exercise. Your GP  can  give you further information and advice about how you can do this. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/bmi_tease.gif Exercise Regular exercise will make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient. It will also  lower your cholesterol level and  keep your blood pressure at a healthy level, all of which will lower your risk of developing vascular dementia. For most people, 30 minutes of vigorous exercise a day, at least five times a week, is recommended. The exercise should be strenuous enough to  make your heart beat faster, and you should feel slightly out of breath afterwards. Examples of vigorous exercise include going for a brisk walk or walking up a hill. Alcohol Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol will cause a rise in your blood pressure, and raise the cholesterol level in your blood. Sticking to the recommended limits for alcohol consumption is the best way to ensure that you reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia. The recommended daily levels of alcohol consumption are  three to four  units of alcohol for men, and  two to three  units for women. A unit of alcohol is equal to about half a pint of normal strength lager, a small glass of wine or a pub measure (25ml) of spirits. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/do_you_drink_tease.gif Smoking Smoking can cause your arteries to narrow, which can lead to a rise in your blood pressure. It is also a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer and vascular dementia. The NHS Smoking Helpline offers advice and encouragement to help  you stop smoking. You can call on 0800 022 4332 or visit the NHS Go Smokefree website (see Useful links). Your GP or pharmacist will also be able to give you help and advice about giving up smoking. Preventing other types of dementia There is some evidence that rates of dementia are lower in people who remain as mentally and physically active as possible throughout their lives, and have a wide range of different activities and hobbies. Some activities that may reduce the risk of developing dementia include: reading, writing for pleasure, learning foreign languages, playing musical instruments, taking part in adult education courses, playing tennis, playing golf, swimming, group sports, such as bowling, and walking. There is no evidence that playing brain training computer games reduces the risk of dementia. Dementia (souce,Bupa) reventing vascular dementia While it is not possible to prevent all cases of dementia, there are some measures that  can help  prevent vascular dementia, as well as cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and heart attacks.  As experts in treating dementia often say, What is good for your heart is also good for your head. The best ways to prevent vascular dementia are: Eat a healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Get sufficient and regular exercise.   Drink alcohol in moderation. Dont smoke. Diet To help prevent dementia, a low-fat and  high-fibre diet is recommended. This includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (five portions a day) and wholegrains. Limit the amount of salt that you eat to no more than  six grams  a day. Too much salt will increase your blood pressure, which puts you at risk of vascular dementia. One teaspoonful of salt is about six grams. Avoid eating foods that are high in saturated fat because this will increase your cholesterol level, which also puts you at risk of vascular dementia. Foods high in saturated fat include: meat pies, sausages and fatty cuts of meat, butter, ghee (clarified butter, often used in Indian cooking), lard, cream, hard cheese, cakes and biscuits, and foods that contain coconut or palm oil. Eating some foods that are high in unsaturated fat can decrease your cholesterol level. Foods high in unsaturated fat include: oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds, and sunflower, rapeseed and olive oils. Weight Being overweight can increase your blood pressure, which increases the risk of vascular dementia. This  risk is higher if you are obese. The most scientific way to measure your weight is to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI). This is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres, squared. In the UK, people with a BMI of between 25 and 30 are overweight, and those with an index above 30 are  obese. People with a BMI of 40 or more are morbidly obese. The best way of tackling obesity is to reduce the amount of calories that you eat, and ensure that you take regular and sufficient exercise. Your GP  can  give you further information and advice about how you can do this. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/bmi_tease.gif Exercise Regular exercise will make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient. It will also  lower your cholesterol level and  keep your blood pressure at a healthy level, all of which will lower your risk of developing vascular dementia. For most people, 30 minutes of vigorous exercise a day, at least five times a week, is recommended. The exercise should be strenuous enough to  make your heart beat faster, and you should feel slightly out of breath afterwards. Examples of vigorous exercise include going for a brisk walk or walking up a hill. Alcohol Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol will cause a rise in your blood pressure, and raise the cholesterol level in your blood. Sticking to the recommended limits for alcohol consumption is the best way to ensure that you reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia. The recommended daily levels of alcohol consumption are  three to four  units of alcohol for men, and  two to three  units for women. A unit of alcohol is equal to about half a pint of normal strength lager, a small glass of wine or a pub measure (25ml) of spirits. http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/PublishingImages/do_you_drink_tease.gif

Rock and Roll Essay -- Music, Elvis Presley

What comes to mind when you think about Rock and Roll? Is it the pulsating rhythms, and upbeat tempo that seemingly sooth the mind? What many don’t realize is this phenomenon was started by a single man that combined various elements he loved. This man, Elvis Presley, not only created Rock and Roll but a new era of attitude and personality which people perceived as they watched him perform. Elvis Aaron Presley, one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century, started a new clothing style for his generation, influenced a new era of dance, and most notably introduced Rock and Roll to the world. Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi into a loving but poor family (Tracy 1). From the young age of 7, Elvis showed a passion for music. He was introduced to music in the family’s Assembly of God church where the southern gospel music became an important influence on his success. When Elvis’ mother Gladys acquired enough money, she bought him his first guitar, he then taught himself to play and in October 1945, he had his first taste of success in music by placing in the town fair talent contest (â€Å"Famous Quotes†. After graduating high school in 1953, he worked various jobs while still pursuing his musical career. Later in 1953, he walked into Sun Studios where he paid four dollars to record his first record. Upon hearing Elvis’ recording, Sam Philips decided to take him under his wing and then became his record label owner (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). In 1954, he produced his first single â€Å"That’s all Right.† From then unt il his death he became the biggest phenomenon ever in the world of entertainment (Morrison 1). From the start of Elvis’ career, he was in the center of the spotlight but before his career even started his appe... ...ers of his time. Elvis is known as the leading artist in R & B, gospel, and American country (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). He has sold over a billion records, more than any other artist known to man. He was one of the first performers ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 (Brewster 1). Elvis loved performing live concerts â€Å"A live concert to me is exciting because of all the electricity that is generated in the crowd and onstage,† it’s his favorite part of his business (â€Å"Famous Quotes† 1). Even today he still remains a legendary music icon for popularizing and creating the start of Rock and Roll (Brewster 1). It is impossible to think of a Rock and Roll star who doesn’t owe a debt to Elvis Presley (Ebsco). Today he is still known as the starter of Rock and Roll, and is the most successful recording artist in terms of hit songs and hit albums still today.

Republic Day Speech

Respected Correspondent, Principal, teachers, parents, and dear brothers and sisters of my country, I would like to wish you all Happy Republic Day 2014. It has been my Privilege that I got an opportunity to speak in front of you all on this occasion. It has been 64 years from the day our constitution came into effect. In these 64 years our country has gone through a long journey of changes. I am going through some light on the history of our country. Before 1600 AD we were living a peaceful life, although there were some disputes between some states but it was not bothering normal citizens at all. But when in 1600, East India company came into India, things started changing. Slowly they started taking their grips to the steering of our country and till 1800 we were completely in control of British Government. In 1857 some real patriots stood up for the country and started a revolution against the British Raj. After a very long time and different-different revolution at several place s, finally we became free on 15th August, 1947. Then some rules and regulations were required to drive the country. So a committee was organized, which was given the work of writing the constitution for India.After the constitution was ready it came into effect from 26th January 1950, since then every year we remind that auspicious day and celebrate it as our Republic day. This day is called, because India became a republic country from this day. When we became republic country, things started changing. The command of country was in the people of the country. Elections were started and people selected their representatives. For sure we have done a lot of improvements after becoming republic but many problems like corruption and unemployment has grown up rapidly. So we need to find the solution for these problems, only then our country can become the best place on earth to live.Jai Hind, Jai Bharat!!