Essay --

Smithsonian Digital Libraries provided various materials for its user which are Databases, Exhibitions and Collections. These materials are very useful to researchers as it provide accurate and reliable information. Besides that, it as well provides the collection of online books range from Art, History and Culture.Database is a collection of data to search materials easily. Smithsonian Digital Libraries provides databases such as Taxonomic Literature II which are a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. In addition, other available database is Smithsonian Research Online that itemized a set of services to the research community both within and outdoors the Smithsonian Institution. Other examples of databases available are listed as below.Example of Databases in Smithsonian Digital LibrariesoTaxonomic Literature IIoSmithsonian Research Onlineo indicant AnimaliumoTrade LiteratureThrough exhibitions in Smithsonian Digital Librari es enable users to explore the rich variety of topics, images and materials featured in online exhibition. On the other hand, the contemporary exhibition allows users to think the display of the latest exhibitions as the date and location are being stated. Besides that, National Museum of American History curators created the panel to bring home the bacon users with reproductions of the worlds greatest pieces such as illustrations from rare books and document from the travelling exhibition column.Examples of Exhibitions in Smithsonian Digital LibrariesoOnline Exhibitiono occurrent ExhibitionoTravelling ExhibitionoLibrary and Archival Exhibitions on the WebSmithsonian Digital Libraries range from various type of collection. One of the collections is Caldwe... ...for its users. For educational purposes, user can easily access through the three main type of collection that have been provided. Researchers and scientist are being supply with current periodicals and schoolmaster soci ety publications. In addition, with the existence of online books, user will acquire the same information as the printed book. On the other hand, user can also view the exhibition on interesting topic as Smithsonian Digital Libraries offers various type of exhibition such as online and travel exhibition. There are no broken links in this digital depository library.LinkAll the listed hyperlinks in Smithsonian Digital Libraries are well-functioning as it takes user to the accurate information. The link contains in this library were involve only internal link. For example, if user clicks on either one of the link, the tab will be open through the same page.

Villains, Sin, and Sex in Shakespeares Othello and King Lear Essays

Villains, Sin, and Sex in Othello and King Lear Many of Shakespeare plays are littered with crude and graphical sexual references, jests, and insults. But there is one type of character present throughout Shakespeares plays that twist the sexual imagery and repartee, and that is the villain. There is a deeply root combination between sex and evil. This essay will develop this idea in depth by focusing on Iago of Othello and Edmund of King Lear. Iago is probably viewed as one of Shakespeares greatest villains. Hes calm, cool, collected, and simply put brilliant. He manipulates Othello, the moors lieutenant Cassio, Desdemonas scorned suitor Roderigo, her father Brabantio, and his own wife Emilia with such masterful acquisition and ease, that there is no stopping him until its too late. But what is this great skill that he wields at his victims? What hideous power can Iago possibly posses in redact to pull the great puppeteers strings? Its sex. While Iago is not a sexual being per say, he certainly wields a sexually edged blade when he begins to attack his victims. In the grand scheme of things, he is angry that Othello has passed him over for the rank of lieutenant, and Iago wants his revenge. In order to complete his vendetta against the moor, he uses a sexually charged scheme that carefully embroils others to unwittingly aid him in his goal. In the very first scene of the play, Iago pulls in the jilted suitor Roderigo to begin his revenge. The moor has secretly married Desdemona, and now Iago plans to begin his downfall by informing her father. Roderigo is coerced into this plot by his own lust for the senators daughter, which Iago exploits to his fullest capabilities. While trying to rouse Br... ...akespeare s Philosophical Patterns. London Mass Peter Smith, 1968. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes, Slaves of Passion. Gloucester Peter Smith Publisher Inc., 1973. Schlegel, August Wilhelm. Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies . A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London AMS Press, Inc., 1965. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Eric A., McCann, ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanovick, Canada Inc., Canada. 1998 Snyder, Susan. Beyond the Comedy Othello Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House sore Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37) Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge New York, 1995 12. J. Adelman. Iagos Alter Ego Race as Projection in Othello, Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997 130. Kott, Jan. Shakespeare Our Contemporary. Garden City Doubleday & Company, 1994.

The Second Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

The Second Industrial Revolution brought one and prosperity to the once uneconomical Europe. Products such as railroads, coal, iron, and textiles, as well as the discovery of electricity, and use of chemicals, petroleum, and steel, are all contributes to what is referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution. These products brought improvement and advancement to all social classes.The Middle Class was profited greatly due(p) to the Revolution. Some were even starting to merge with upper class due to the wealth of entrepreneurs, marriages of upper middle class to upper class, and such. Schools also helped them find unity where upper middle class sons were allowed to study with elite upper class.Steel being substituted for iron was one of the original multifariousnesss do during the Second Industrial revolution. This change made smaller and faster engines and better railways and ships. The new tran blusteration advances such as the construction of many new rail lines (due to the substitution of iron for steel) made it possible for all social classes to travel and be tourist. It was very popular on weekends for working and middle class to travel to amusement parks, to the beach, dancehalls, or sport stadiums, where they could watch a newly organized professional sport.Discoveries in mmedicine and the environment improved nutrition as well as reduced unsanitary urban environments which carried diseases, poor water quality, and unproper removals of sewage. Urbanization is the term used to described the boom in population during this time in urban areas. Sanitary reforms stepped up during this time and developed ways to sanitize the most filthy parts of Europe.Many women struggled with the Woman question during this time.

Making a Living & Building a Life: Ranchwomen in Early Arizona History :: Essays Papers

Making a Living & Building a Life Ranchwomen in Early Arizona History In the early days of Arizona, ranchwomen contend vital roles as business partners, wives, mothers, nurses, teachers, etc. Many of their stories reveal how women often were married into the cattle industry. The lives of many of these early women begin to be told by connecting them with their husbands. However, it is manifest that these women were not just the wives of so and so. Instead, the women actively participated in the development and worked to put all of their effort into helping their husbands business succeed. This led to a flourishing of a group of highly skilled, adaptable, and socially aware women. The commonly held belief that it was solely men who drove cattle across the desert, dealt with the details of a family business, and worked the ranch only while their wives watched after the children, is continuously refuted by the stories of ranchwomen in early Arizona. In actuality a ranchwom an made the cattle industry, not just her husbands business, scarce rather their business. Besides business, women were concerned with community and home-building. The organization and influence of The Cowbelles, has not only provided a historical record of life on Arizona ranches, it has similarly provided an example and inspiration to women today. The additional efforts these women put towards encouraging neighborly attitudes, becoming nurses and teachers, and simply doing what was necessary to survive all were part of laying the foundations for some of the prototypical modern day towns of Arizona. A timeline of events reveals the gradual birth of the cattle industry in Arizona and reveals the positive and negative results for different groups of people. In 1822, Mexico gained independence from Spain which resulted in a new political sympathies. Protection by the military was largely withdrawn from what is now known as Arizona as a result, new settlers on the la nd had major problems dealing with a 50 year period of Apache depredations (Accomazzo v). However, in the 1870s many of the tribes which were troubling to the settlers were sent to reservations by the federal government (Accomazzo v). In 1872, what is known as the second phase of cattle ranching in Arizona, that of the Americans began (Accomazzo vi).

University of Florida Volleyball :: essays research papers

Through the evolution of associations and legislation, the restrictions of womens summercater lifted and created equality in athletics between the sexes. In addition, Dr Ruth H. Alexander, Weiss, and Lawler are responsible for the establishment and success of Lady Gator athletics, specifically volleyball. Marilyn McReavy, with a career of 156-100 at UF, and Mary sweet whose reign includes 58 straight home wins lead Lady Gators volleyball to a prominent standing not only in the SEC, but also in the nation.In 1967, the Commission on Intercollegiate sportswoman for Women functioned under the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance. Here, three championship divisions were establish 750 at the state level, 150 at the regional level, and 39 and the national level. In 1971, the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was a product of the Commission. The primary adjoin (conflict) of the AIAW was the financial restriction placed on women s athletics. No scholarship or financial aid was available to the athletes as well as a lack of money (support) for recruiting or coaching. In 1972, the U.S. Congress passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which vehemently targeted sex discrimination. In 1975, Title IX gave universities 3 old age to change the inequity and grant womens athletics comparable funds. Dr. Ruth H. Alexander furthered funding equality, increasing from $16,000 to $1,300,000 between 1972 and 1980. As women were receiving more equal athletic privilege a problem developed in the administration of the Division I teams compared to Divisions II and III. Coaches lead both mens and womens teams having dickens different sets of rules as well as two separate conferences often having conflicting dates.The University of Florida officially approved eight Lady Gator sports, including volleyball, in the 1974-1975 instill year. Two years later, six out of the eight sports teams finished in the top ten of the nation for quality of athletes and schedules. The first volleyball SEC tourney occurred in the 1979-1980 school year, three years prior to the NCAAs request for a womens tournament from each conference. In 1980, followed the Florida Womens Intercollegiate Athletics Equity Act. As Alexanders successor, Weiss came from the University of Utah in 1981 to revive Lady Gator volleyball and brought the University of Floridas womens athletic program up to 4th in the nation. She hired Marilyn McReavy, one of two prominent Lady Gator volleyball coaches, who lead the gators until 1991 when Mary Wise was appointed head coach.

University of Florida Volleyball :: essays research papers

Through the evolution of associations and legislation, the restrictions of womens athletics lifted and created equality in athletics between the sexes. In addition, Dr ruth H. horse parsley, Weiss, and Lawler are responsible for the establishment and success of Lady Gator athletics, specifically volleyball. Marilyn McReavy, with a career of 156-100 at UF, and Mary Wise whose reign includes 58 straight home wins lead Lady Gators volleyball to a prominent standing not only in the SEC, but also in the nation.In 1967, the Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Women functioned under the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance. Here, trio championship divisions were established 750 at the state level, cl at the regional level, and 39 and the national level. In 1971, the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was a product of the Commission. The primary concern (conflict) of the AIAW was the financial restriction determined on wo mens athletics. No scholarship or financial aid was available to the athletes as soundly as a lack of money (support) for recruiting or coaching. In 1972, the U.S. Congress passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which vehemently targeted sex discrimination. In 1975, Title IX gave universities 3 years to change the inequity and fall in womens athletics comparable funds. Dr. Ruth H. Alexander furthered funding equality, increasing from $16,000 to $1,300,000 between 1972 and 1980. As women were receiving more equal athletic privilege a task developed in the administration of the Division I teams compared to Divisions II and III. Coaches lead both mens and womens teams having two different sets of rules as well as two separate conferences often having conflicting dates.The University of Florida officially approved eight Lady Gator sports, including volleyball, in the 1974-1975 school year. Two years later, half dozen out of the eight sports teams finished in the top ten of the nation for quality of athletes and schedules. The first volleyball SEC tournament occurred in the 1979-1980 school year, three years prior to the NCAAs request for a womens tournament from each conference. In 1980, followed the Florida Womens Intercollegiate Athletics Equity Act. As Alexanders successor, Weiss came from the University of Utah in 1981 to revive Lady Gator volleyball and brought the University of Floridas womens athletic program up to 4th in the nation. She leased Marilyn McReavy, one of two prominent Lady Gator volleyball coaches, who lead the gators until 1991 when Mary Wise was appointed head coach.

Part Seven Chapter 1

Relief of Poverty 13.5 Gifts to benefit the poor are charitable, and a gift for the poor is charitable even if it happens incident anyy to benefit the rich Charles Arnold-Bakerlocal anesthetic Council Administration,Seventh EditionNearly three weeks after the sirens had wai conduct through sleepy Pagford, on a sunny morning in April, Shirley Mollison stood alone in her bedroom, make a face at her reflection in the mirrored wardrobe. She was making final ad providedments to her dress before her now-daily drive to S forthh West General. The belt buckle slid up a hole tighter than it had done a fortnight ago, her silver hair was in need of a trim and her grimace against the sunshine blazing into the room could suck been a simple expression of her mood.When Miles accompanied her to the hospital, she could let him do all the talking to Howard, which he did, keeping up a steady monologue of Pagford news. She felt up so much better both more(prenominal) visible and more protected wit h tall Miles walking beside her down the chilly corridors. He chatted genially to the nurses, and reach her in and come out of the car, and restored to her the sense of being a rare creature, worthy of care and protection. But Miles could non come every day, and to Shirleys profound irritation he kept deputizing Samantha to accompany her. This was not the same thing at all, even though Samantha was one of the few who managed to bring a smile to Howards purple vacant face.Nobody seemed to realize how dreadful the silence was at home either. When the doctors had told the family that recuperation would take months, Shirley had hoped that Miles would ask her to move into the spare room of the big house in Church Row, or that he magnate stay over, from clock to time, in the bungalow. But no she had been left alone, quite alone, except for a painful three-day detail when she had played hostess to Pat and Melly.Id neer maintain done it, she reassured herself, automatically, in the silent night, when she could not sleep. I never really meant to. I was just upset. Id never sustain done it.She had buried Andrews EpiPen in the soft earth beneath the bird table in the garden, like a tiny corpse. She did not like fareing it was t here. Some dark evening soon, the night before refuse-collection day, she would dig it up again and slip it into a neighbours bin.Howard had not mentioned the needle to her or to anyone. He had not asked her why she had run away when she saw him.Shirley found relief in long rattling streams of invective, directed at the people who had, in her stated opinion, caused the catastrophe that had fallen on her family. Parminder Jawanda was the first of these, naturally, for her callous refusal to attend Howard. Then there were the two teenagers who, through their vile irresponsibility, had diverted the ambulance that might have reached Howard sooner.The latter argument was perhaps a little weak, tho it was the enjoyable fashion to denigrate S tuart groin and Krystal Weedon, and Shirley found plenty of willing listeners in her nimble circle. What was more, it had transpired that the Wall boy had been the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother all along. He had confessed to his parents, and they had personally telephoned the victims of the boys spite to apologize. The Ghosts identity had leaked swiftly into the wider community, and this, coupled with the knowledge that he had been jointly responsible for the drowning of a three-year-old child, made abuse of Stuart both a duty and a pleasure.Shirley was more vehement in her comments than anybody. There was a savagery in her denunciations, each of them a little exorcism of the kinship and admiration she had felt for the Ghost, and a repudiation of that awful last post which nobody else, as yet, had admitted to seeing. The Walls had not telephoned Shirley to apologize, but she was constantly primed, in case the boy should mention it to his parents, or in case anybody should bring it up , to deliver a final crushing blow to Stuarts constitution.Oh yes, Howard and I know all about it, she planned to say, with icy dignity, and its my belief that the shock caused his heart attack.She had actually practised saying this aloud in the kitchen.The question of whether Stuart Wall had really known something about her husband and Maureen was less urgent now, because Howard was patently incapable of shaming her in that way again, and perhaps never would be, and nobody seemed to be gossiping. And if the silence she offered Howard, when she was needs alone with him, was tinged with a sense of grievance on both sides, she was able to face the prospect of his protracted incapacitation and absence from the house with more equanimity than she might have thought possible three weeks previously.The doorbell rang and Shirley hurried to open it. Maureen was there, hobbling on ill-advised high heels, garish in bright aquamarine.Hello, dear, come in, verbalise Shirley. Ill get my bag.T heyre saying people got up a collection, said Maureen, brimful of gossip that Shirley had somehow missed, in her endless back and forward trips to the hospital. Dont ask me who. Anyway, I wouldnt have thought the family would want it right by the river, would you?(The dirty and foul-mouthed little boy, of whose existence few had been aware, and of whom nobody but his mother and sister had been specially fond, had nethergone such a transformation in Pagfords collective mind by his drowning, that he was spoken of everywhere as a water baby, a cherub, a pure and gentle angel whom all would have embraced with love and compassion, if that they could have saved him.But the needle and the flame had had no transformative effect upon Krystals reputation on the contrary, they had fixed her permanently in the mind of Old Pagford as a soulless creature whose pursuit of what the elderly liked to call kicks had led to the death of an innocent child.)Shirley was pulling on her coat.You realize, I actually saw them that day? she said, her cheeks turning pink. The boy bawling by one clump of bushes, and Krystal Weedon and Stuart Wall in another Did you? And were they really ? asked Maureen avidly.Oh yes, said Shirley. Broad daylight. Open air. And the boy was right by the river when I saw him. A couple of steps and hed have been in.Something in Maureens expression stung her.I was hurrying, said Shirley with asperity, because Howard had said he was feeling poorly and I was worried sick. I didnt want to go out at all, but Miles and Samantha had sent Lexie over I think, if you want my honest opinion, theyd had a row and then Lexie wanted to visit the cafe I was utterly distracted, and all I could think was, I must get back to Howard I didnt actually realize what Id seen until much later and the dreadful thing, said Shirley, her colorize higher than ever, and returning again to her favourite refrain, is that if Krystal Weedon hadnt let that child wander off while she was having her fun in the bushes, the ambulance would have reached Howard so much more quickly. Because, you know, with two of them coming things got confu Thats right, said Maureen, interrupting as they moved out towards the car, because she had heard all this before. You know, I cant think why theyre having the service here in Pagford She longed to purpose that they drive past the church on the way to the hospital she had a craving to see what the Weedon family looked like en masse, and to glimpse, perhaps, that degenerate junkie mother but could think of no way to frame the request.You know, theres one comfort, Shirley, she said, as they set off for the bypass. The Fields are as good as gone. That must be a comfort to Howard. Even if he cant attend council for a while, he got that done.Andrew Price was speeding down the steep hill from Hilltop House, with the sun stifling on his back and the wind in his hair. His week-old shiner had turned yellow and green, and looked, if poss ible, even worse than it had when he had turned up at naturalize with his fondness almost closed. Andrew had told the teachers who enquired that he had fallen off his bike.It was now the Easter holidays, and Gaia had texted Andrew the previous evening to ask whether he would be going to Krystals funeral the next day. He had sent an immediate yes, and was now dressed, after much deliberation, in his cleanest jeans and a dark grey shirt, because he did not own a suit.He was not very clear why Gaia was going to the funeral, unless it was to be with Sukhvinder Jawanda, to whom she seemed to cling more fondly than ever, now that she was moving back to London with her mother.Mum says she should never have come to Pagford, Gaia had told Andrew and Sukhvinder happily, as the three of them sat on the low wall beside the newsagents at lunchtime. She knows Gavins a total twat.She had given Andrew her mobile weigh and told him that they would go out together when she came to Reading to see h er father, and even mentioned, casually, taking him to see some of her favourite places in London, if he visited. She was showering benefits around her in the flair of a demob-happy soldier, and these promises, made so lightly, gilded the prospect of Andrews own move. He had greeted the news that his parents had had an offer on Hilltop House with at least as much excitement as pain.The sweeping turn into Church Row, usually made with an uplift of spirits, dampened them. He could see people moving around in the graveyard, and he wondered what this funeral was going to be like, and for the first time that morning thought of Krystal Weedon in more than the abstract.A memory, long buried in the deepest recesses of his mind, came back to him, of that time in the playground at St Thomass, when Fats, in a spirit of disinterested investigation, had handed him a peanut hidden inside a marshmallow he could tranquil feel his burning throat closing inexorably. He remembered trying to yell, a nd his knees giving way, and the children all around him, watching with a strange, bloodless interest, and then Krystal Weedons raucous scream.Andiprice iz avin a lurgycacshunShe had run, on her stocky little legs, all the way to the staff room, and the headmaster had snatched Andrew up and sprinted with him to the nearby surgery, where Dr Crawford had administered adrenalin. She was the only one who had remembered the talk that their teacher had given the class, explaining Andrews atrocious condition the only one to recognize his symptoms.Krystal ought to have been given a gold merit star, and perhaps a certificate at assembly as Pupil of the Week, but the very next day (Andrew remembered it as clearly as his own collapse) she had hit Lexie Mollison so hard in the mouth that she had knocked out two of Lexies teeth.He wheeled Simons bike carefully into the Walls garage, then rang the doorbell with a reluctance that had never been there before. Tessa Wall answered, dressed in her s coop out grey coat. Andrew was annoyed with her it was down to her that he had a black eye.Come in, Andy, said Tessa, and her expression was tense. Well just be a minute.He waited in the hallway, where the slanting glass over the door cast its paintboxy glow on the floorboards. Tessa marched into the kitchen, and Andrew glimpsed Fats in his black suit, crumpled up in a kitchen chair like a crushed spider, with one arm over his head, as if he were fending off blows.Andrew turned his back. The two boys had had no communication since Andrew had led Tessa to the Cubby Hole. Fats had not been to school for a fortnight. Andrew had sent a couple of texts, but Fats had not replied. His Facebook page remained frozen as it had been on the day of Howard Mollisons party.A week ago, without warning, Tessa had telephoned the Prices, told them that Fats had admitted to having posted the messages under the name The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother, and offered her deepest apologies for the consequences they had suffered.So how did he know I had that computer? Simon had roared, advancing on Andrew. How did fucking Fats Wall know I did jobs after-hours at the printworks?Andrews only consolation was that if his father had known the truth, he might have ignored Ruths protests and continued to pummel Andrew until he was unconscious.Why Fats had decided to pretend he had authored all the posts, Andrew did not know. Perhaps it was Fats ego at work, his determination to be the mastermind, the most destructive, the baddest of them all. Perhaps he had thought he was doing something noble, taking the fall for both of them. either way, Fats had caused much more trouble than he knew he had never realized, thought Andrew, waiting in the hall, what it was like to live with a father like Simon Price, full in his attic room, with his reasonable, civilized parents.Andrew could hear the adult Walls talking in quiet voices they had not closed the kitchen door.We need to leave now, Tessa was saying. Hes got a moral financial obligation and hes going.Hes had enough punishment, said Cubbys voice.Im not asking him to go as a Arent you? said Cubby sharply. For Gods sake, Tessa. Dyou think theyll want him there? You go. Stu can stay here with me.A minute later Tessa emerged from the kitchen, closing the door firmly behind her.Stu isnt coming, Andy, she said, and he could tell that she was furious about it. Im sorry about that.

One Step to Freedom?

100% of the shots you never take, never get in.In the middle of the arid cease, Colorado. A group of Cypriots and myself among them, crossed through the desert to reach the camping site where we would spend the night. Continuously attacking us, the blazing sun followed our every footstep, as our bodies were melting down like defenceless scrap cubes. After a couple of hundreds of metres of walk, my feet started to numb. I was exhausted. My bottle, constantly in my hand, was running out of water.Can my day get worse?, I wondered.What I didnt realize was, that these obstacles were nothing compared to the inner conflict I would be personnel casualty through soon.Does anyone want to have a break? Does anyone want to have a go?, Michael, our leader asked. Suddenly the feelings of joy and excitement replaced the tiredness and everyone was now smiling I noticed I was smiling too. Impatiently we all followed Michael. That is when I early came face to face with my own Via Dolorosa. The w orst of all is that I was not aware of how difficult it would be for me, that exquisite step I was asked to take, for which I had to fence hard with my own estimates and deepest fears which I was not even aware of. How mass you fight something you cannot see?Following the flow of my friends and climbing on a small hill, I reached the beginning of my slow and painful torture. I was standing at the edge of a rocky knoll, about three metres above the ground and below me, a tiny lake with crystal clear water. I could already picture myself, in the lake, with the cool water fighting off the heat, while my body was enjoying the luxuries of nature. As I lowered my head to face my reflection on the calm surface of the lake, the truth hit me in the face. I will never forget how shocked I was when I realised I was not ready I couldnt jump I didnt want to.Nicola, are you going to jump or not?, Shane asked me.The question brought me to my senses like . . . . . . .No. Go on. I will go late r., I replied.While watching them jumping with such comfort, as if it was fun, as if they were enjoying themselves, I felt angry with myself. Why had I stopped? It couldnt be that difficult, after all nobody else seemed to find it challenging, on the contrary they all thought of it as amusing. If they could do it, so could I.All of a sudden I changed my mind. I felt this urge, this push, the swear to jump as well.I can do this, I told myself.Once again I found myself standing at the edge of the hill determined to jump and once again I changed my mind, as my fears came to life my body froze instantly. It was as if my legs were glued into place, I couldnt move. Out of the blue, the battle started the battle over which I had no control, the battle which was going on in my head and whose winner would determine my decision. On one side my limiting beliefs and fears joined forces, to stop me from jumping while on the other side my desire to jump was defensively trying to repulse the atta ck. The damage to the defence lines was unavoidable and since my fears took control over my body, I stepped back instead of going forward.Time was going by so quickly, as I tended to oscillate between the determination of jumping and the fear of falling. Over twenty minutes had passed since my cultivation attempt and I was not looking forward to another one.Nicola we will be leaving soon, if you are going to jump, do it now, or else come down so that we can continue.No , a voice inside my head screamed. I am not giving up. I am not leaving unless I jump. As these wild thoughts were passing through my head, the sun sank lower. Trying to convince myself that I could do it, I once more stepped at the doorstep of fear.You have 30 seconds to jump.I took a deep breath.Come on Nicolas, a friend of mine shouted. Its only one stepTwenty-nine, twenty-eight . . .Puzzled as I were, I looked around as if searching for an answer. Suddenly I realised that everyone was staring at me. Was it reall y only one step? Then what? granting immunity?Sixteen, fifteen . . . The countdown continued.Hey Nicola, listen to me Stop thinking so hard. Just jump Its only one step.It was of no use. I didnt hear a thing.Nine, eight, seven . . .I looked down at the lake. How could falling equate to freedom? There were fluctuations in my feelings. I couldnt decide. I couldnt even take a small step.Three, two, one. Come on Nicolas we are leaving Come downI took a glance at the azure sky as if it was my last one. I took a last deep breath.I am coming, the words burst like bullets out of my mouth.I closed my eyes. I could hear the blood booming in my ears. The cold breeze made me shiver. I found myself trembling like an undersized flower in a furious storm of hesitant feelings and fears. I slowly bent my knees and jumped.Time stopped. My life was passing through my mind like an old black and white movie. I panicked. I didnt want to fall. I regretted jumping. I waved my hands desperately, trying to hold onto something. A rock, a stone anything. Nothing there was nothing. I wanted to throw up. It was as if air was energy my stomach up in my chest and out of my mouth.Even today, when I recall the situation and when I picture the whole scene in my mind, the aforesaid(prenominal) feelings come up fear, anxiety, fluctuation, regret. The same feelings which filled me up then, which still do, as if I am there. As if I never left. As if I never jumped. As if it was all for nothing.Although I am not free from my fears, I know it was not for nothing. I took the risk, I took the shot and I m elevated of myself. The cheers and the congratulations I received as I came out of the lake, almost made up for the torture I went through. I was still feeling a bit dizzy from the fall so I sat to rest. That is when Michael came and told me100% of the shots you never take, never get in.Now this quote is one of my favourites. It was truly a quote of Michael Jordans referring to basketball. When I first heard it, I didnt really understand what it meant, but after thinking about it, I became aware of its lawful meaning. It means that if someone does not dare to shoot the ball, because it may not go in the basket, he will never score.Its risky not winning risks a wise man said.In the middle of the arid desert, Colorado, I took the risk. I jumped. I may have not been freed from my fears but I wise(p) my lesson. This experience shaped me into who I am today. A man who is not afraid of taking risks, and making steps beyond the limits of fears and limiting beliefs.

Importance of customer value Essay

Building and preserving client hold dear is subjective in the new organizational mental synthesis taking place in the health-c are industry. As jobes and consumers move forward, businesses are existence measured more and more by the value they create for their customers. Customer value is the focus of the article Customer Value & Business Success in the 21st Century. Customer value is defined as how a business value customers and how customers value a businesss products or services.The article focuses on health-care organizations, and how there is an expectant trend that individuals leave behind absorb a greater cover of their own health care costs. In outrank for health care organizations to respond to this growing trend toward consumerism, customer value applications must be implement in daily business activities. The author describes four critical processes and areas that should be of focus in order to build success. The first is to successfully identify what your custo mers motivating and expect. The second process is to build service endurey models to meet each target segment. The third area is to understand your customers enough to anticipate customer prognosiss in order to meet these expectations. The final process is to commit the organization to customer-centered strategic marketing and communications.In todays unstable market, the only businesses experiencing success are those that are able to meet and exceed expectations of customers. It is essential in todays fast-paced business to develop quality relationships with customers which results in customer loyalty. The traditionalistic way of pushing the product or service down to the customer is being replaced by tailoring business decisions to meet customer expectations.The delivery of health care is changing to consumer centered health care where each customer is an individual with unique needs and expectations. Consumer centered health care requires altering or creating new products and services to meet needs and expectations. It is also necessary for a health care organization to understand the lifetime value of a customer. The customer is not seen as a sensation time transaction, but as an ongoing customer receiving continuous service over time. The author states that it should bea goal to capture the share of the households total healthcare over a long period of time.The term customer satisfaction is being replaced by customer value. Achieving customer satisfaction is only the beginning, and building customer loyalty and value are necessary for sustainable growth in the business world today. Unlike traditional ways of conducting business, the new order is primarily focused on meeting individualistic needs of each customer. In order to achieve this goal, an organization must go through a series of steps. This involves understanding what customers value most, meeting and exceeding their expectations, developing services to meet these expectations, and polish se rvices and products through feedback. sort out by customer needs, market-based segmentation has been far more successful than the traditional method of grouping demographics.Organizations today could highly put on from market-based segmentation. One significant reason is that reducing customer defection rates could dramatically increase profits. Studies also show that a longer a customer stays with an organization, the more profitable they become. A recent study reporting reasons why customers leave an organization showed that 68% of those surveyed left due to an indifferent employee. It is essential and very necessary to have satisfied employees in order to be an organization that creates value for its customers. Satisfied employees are loyal employees, and loyal employees usually deliver excellent service. Excellent service results in customer satisfaction and loyalty which results in customer value, and higher profits for the organization.Many organizations have only one servic e model and this result in mediocre service. After understanding customers needs and expectations, service models can be developed for each market segment. Grouping by needs and expectations will allow an organization to establish relationship with customers by specifically tailoring services to each segment. Development of these service models will increase customer loyalty that will also increase profits and revenue.Customer value puts the customer in the center of each process of expectation audits (understanding the customer), service models (niche customization), service innovation (understanding customer expectations), and strategic communication (communicating with customers).

Historic Textiles Essay

Man does not live by bread al i is a re wholey popular saying uttered by superstar of the greatest men who ever walk this planet. And at that place is much truth to that. Thus man, after running(a) hard in the fields and whatever profession he is engage into, will feel not much satisfaction and in that respect is that continued longing for something else missing in his life. It is at this point that man desire for other things besides the familiar refrain of food, shelter, and wear fit.thither are those who say that the pursuit for the finer things in life takes the edge off living and so from the time man learns to navigate his way across paths that connect one tribe to another, work began. And one of those being traded in quaint times is something related to mans basic need clothing or fabric. In the heart Ages, Irans textile exertion reached its golden age under the guidance of the Safavid dynasty. This paper will take a closer look at the textile industry in Persia b etween the early sixteenth century and after the demise of the Safavid Dyansty in the early part of the 18th century.In this important period of its floor the proponent of this study will examine different aspects of trade, the techniques use in making textile, and the significant designs that made Persia as a very important transaction hub during these years. This paper will in any case examine the role that the textile industry played in the economic wealth of Iran. Background There is that certain feature and charm to affluence. It is therefore easy to understand why everybody wanted to be rich and no one would like to trade places with a poor man.military personnel nature seeks for comfort as the body craves for water in the searing heat of the desert sun. This is human nature and it best explains why merchants from the East and West in the Middle Ages continue to brave foul weather condition and other hazards associated to trade so long as the exchange of goods and money ta ke place. tho when a person reaches a level of domestic comfort, there is that tendency to become more sophisticated.The desire for sumptuousness heads kicks in and the well-heeled patrons of fine luxury products will drive their adventurous merchants even to the ends of the earth to acquire what is needed or more appropriately, to get things that are not basic needs that will surely fill a craving for the exotic and for the expensive. In the Middle Ages the western sandwichers look to the East for items related to a basic need, the need for clothing and these came in the form expensive textiles and for those who can afford it silk will do just fine.There is also the desire for fine Persian rugs or what is also known as carpets. Culture In the Middle Ages, there are two major perspectives in the quest to understand historic textiles. The primary one can be seen through the eyes of those who inhabit the Eastern half of the globe. The second can be seen through the eyes of those living in the Western half of the planet. The difference in climate and topography allows for the exchange of goods and precious items, each group needs the other to acquire what they all wanted.For the Easterners living between the periods of the 16th century up to the 18th century, historic textiles of great historic significance are those that are coming from the regions around Asia. The Chinese, Indians, Turks and Persian make this all happen. The historic textiles are used for everyday purpose in this part of the world as clothes, accessories for man and animals and of course as a major household item to take away the dullness of day to day living. These products are also seen as major exports for those who live on the other side.For the Westerners living in the Middle Ages, the verbalize historic textiles that include silk brocades and fine Persian carpets are a source of pride and joy. For them these textile products are peachy works of art. If people from Persia used the rougher textile from wool in order to produce carpets for the purpose of using the selfsame(prenominal) as rugs the Westerners will never agree to allow such expensive items to be trampled by dirty shoes. And so for the Europeans, carpets and fine textile are hung on wall and some used to cover expensive furniture.Safavid Dynasty It is understood that things does not come out from nothing. There is an explanation for the Golden Age of the Persian textile industry and it can be explained in one idea the Safavid dynasty. An overview of this Persian dynasty will not only explain the origin of the much sought after luxury items exactly it will also help frame the condition as to how the industry was developed from its primitive form into something that impacted the world in the Middle Ages.But it is not also right to give all the credit to the Safavids in terms of the creation of fine Persian carpets and the fine silk fabrics. It must be mentioned that a few centuries earlier it w as the Sassanians who move the foundation for the textile industry. This led Roger Savory to remark that, Although the making of carpets is of ancient provenance in Iran, it was the Safavids who elevated a cottage-industry to an activity on a national scale and one which formed an important part of the economy (1980).But the Sassanians limited success strengthens the argument that it takes more than talent and skill to survive in the dog-eat-dog world of ancient trade, it requires a great leader to caboodle-up a system that will empower the people and encouraged those who have the entrepreneurial spirit to venture into the unknown or simply improve on what they have and in this case it is the ability to make beautiful fabrics. The flowering of Irans Golden Age through the able leadership of Shah Abbas I was made possible by the exploits of Abbas ancestor Ismail Safavi in 1501 who made the strategically located Tabriz as the capital of his newly formed state.Ismail brought calmnes s and order while Abbas provided the leadership savvy that would usher in a period of political and military reform as well as of ethnic florescence (Yalman, 2002). In the latter part of the 16th century Shah Abbas transferred the capital to Isfahan. During this time carpets and textiles became important export items. These products were not only used by the nobility and ordinary people, the same were used to fuel the economy.According to savory the first carpet factory was established in Isfahan and Yalman concurs by saying that these were produced in workshops set up under state patronage in Isfahan and other cities (2002). Historic Textiles As mentioned earlier the origin of the magnificent Persian carpets can be traced to a cottage industry that started a few centuries before the Safavids. Roger Savory provided more details when he wrote The origins of the Persian carpet industry as we know it right away is the tribal rug, women by the women and children of the semi-nomadic t ribes, using the wool from their own flocks and natural dyes.The tribal rugs were usually in bright, gay colors, with bold fairly simple designs. They were and are exceedingly individualistic, frequently irregular in shape, and characterized by color changes in the wool caused by the use of different dye batches (1980). Aside from the exquisitely designed plainly tougher looking carpets the Persians are in possession of fine fabrics and are mostly made of silk. Rudolph Matthee even asserted that not only was Iran a center for manufacturing silk fabrics but the region is also a producer of raw silk (1999). The following lists the three kinds of silken Safavid pieces of cloth 1.Simple fine silk 2. Brocade or gold silk and 3. cunning velvety. Technology According to Carol Bier it is almost impossible to get a detailed and technical description of the intricacies of the Persian textile industry. First of all this is payable to the problem of the materials itself, the fabrics are un derstandably fragile and did not survive the ravages of time. The few that remains are even far removed from the Safavid Dynasty. Historians are even obligate to use the surviving paintings made by artists of the Middle Ages to get an a more in-depth understanding of Irans Golden Age in textile manufacturing and export industry.But it does not require a rocket scientist to understand that these artists can make alterations and can insert their own interpretations making their artwork a slight reliable source of historical facts. As a result of these difficulties, Bier concluded that The process of drawloom weaving and its technology is not thoroughly understood or enter for these periods. Treatises have yet to be located for fuller documentation of the use of dyes and for the processes of commercial weaving, as well as for the manufacture or embellishment of textiles by other means (e. g.embroidery, applique, crocheting, knitting, felt-making, accessorization) . of innovation, im provements, or other modifications in the technology or its application that may have had an effect upon textile design and patterning (2008). In the same vein Milton Sonday concurs by saying that, All too often what survives of a historic fabric is a fragment that is too small to give an notion of what the original looked like. Fragments must, therefore, if possible, be placed within the context of either continuous pattern from one or more fragments, provided one understands the principle upon which such patterns were laid out.Weaving Patterns Even with the scarcity of resources from which historians can draw conclusions, the following addresses the few significant facts that can be gleaned from artifacts and other documents that shed light on the said subject matter. As far as patterns and designs go, it is Milton Sonday that provided the most help. In the words of Sonday, The highest achievements of Safavid silk designers and weavers are preserved in a limited number of figured velvet and lampas weaves.Aside from their sumptuous surfaces and monumental patterns, they are ideal for the insights they provide for understanding technology and aesthetics (2008). This conclusion is part of the a general idea that it is notoriously difficult to differentiate what is uniquely Safavid historic textile as opposed to those coming from other historic textile centers from the Middle East. In fact there is disagreement as to which brocaded plain weave, brocaded satin weaves, float-patterned satin weaves, double cloths and the various metal background truly belongs to the Safavid and not to the Mughals of India.And so it is best to focus on the figured velvet and the lampas weaves to know more about Safavid historic textiles. Sonday pointed out that for the Persian fabrics of this era there can be two traditional patterns. The first one is a continuous pattern with elements of their composition arranged to be repeated endlessly and in all directions. The second major pa ttern is called the in writing(p) pattern with elements of its composition is arranged in such a way that it is contained within and related to a top, bottom, and sides (Sonday, 2008).The repeating patterns is achieved using a squared unit of measurement in weaving, where its sides are parallel with warps and its top and bottom parallel with wefts. Finally, Sonday made another important discovery, A significant feature of Safavid continuous patterns in lampas and velvet weaves is the use of the human figure and narrative subject matter. Motifs are distinguished by clarity of drawing and can be identified as Safavid by the style of motifs such as birds, leaves, trees, flowers. No single motif is overly highlighted in their continuous patterns and there are practically no open spaces (2008).There in a nutshell one gets the idea of a classic Safavid design. Conclusion It is a wonder to learn of ancient trading systems. It is also an adventure live the past when merchants had to be m ore than businessmen but has to have that adventurous spirit as well to get the best for their demanding clientele. For the gold and silver enriched Europeans there is a desire, in fact a craving for the exotic Middle East products and foremost in their list are fine Persian carpets and exquisite silk fabrics.Iran, the present day name for ancient Persia succeeded in becoming a center for historic textile trade in the Middle Ages because of the work of the Safavid dynasty oddly their greatest leader Shah Abbas. But there is more to Persian carpet and Persial silk brocades aside from the wise management of Abbas. It can be understood by analyse the development of their techniques and design from ancient times and of course the skill and determination of their women and skilled workers who continued to find ways of improving their craft.ReferencesBier, C. (2008). Textiles and Society. In TextileAsARt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/woven. htm Carpet . org. (2008). Carpet. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. carpet. org /glossary. htmcarpet. Matthee, R. (1999). The Politics of cover in Safavid iran Silk for Silver, 1600-1730. New York Cambridge University Press. Pope, A. U. (2008). Masterpieces of Persian Art. In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Savory, R. (1980). Iran Under the Safavids.New York Cambridge University. Sonday, M. (2008). Patterns and Weaves Safavid Lampas and Velvet. In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. TextileAsArt. com. (2008). Antique Textiles, Woven Treasures. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Yalman, S. (October 2002). The Art of the Safavids before 1600 . In Timeline of Art History. New York The metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/safa/hd_safa. htm.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What is the purpose of education? To transmit culture? To provide kindly and economic skills? To machinate critical thinking skills? To reform party? I think that the purpose of education is to get the children ready for real life, and provide them the learning skills, and abilities that they will need. 2. What are schools for? To teach skills and subjects? To encourage personal self-definition? To develop human intelligence? To create patriotic, economically productive citizens? Schools purposes are major in every culture all around the world.In my eyes, schools are to arise the general public, young or old for survival in the next chapter in their life, a degree. They are taught the basic skills and subjects to maneuver on to college, or to lolly life. After the basics, they are taught more in depth skills and subjects. Schools arent good just for that. In schools children also gain life long friends, experiences and learn the social skills they need in life. 3. What should the curriculum contain? Basic skills and subjects? Experiences and projects? Inquiry processes?Critical dialogues? The curriculum should contain all basic skills and subjects, math, reading, language, writing, science, and geography. Then on a punt level, to test the knowledge, and for students to learn from other students, projects should come in. As for experiences, I think that students that can relate, should share their experiences. It helps other students gain incite on another way something can happen also it helps them understand more. 4. What should the relationship be between teachers and students?Transmitting heritage? Teaching learning skills and subjects? Examining great ideas? promote self-expression? Constructing knowledge? Solving lines? The relationship between teachers and students should be more then just an authority figure. It should be on a friend level. But not too much. Just enough for comfort. I think teaching learning skills and subjects are priorities, as well as examining ideas. Self-expression should be encouraged. 5. When you have completed the preceding(prenominal) questions, review Chapter 4 anddetermine the type(s) of philosophy that your personal statements reflect. Include why you chose each philosophy. Deweys pioneer- Schooling that emphasizes problem solving and activities in a place setting of community. Making an doing history and geography science problems. Montessoris pioneer Wide range of practical skills for life in urban centers, along with arts and sciences, and problem solving. Spontaneous learning activities practical, sensory, and formal skills exercises for practical life.

Coke N Pepsi

CASE 1? 3 coulomb and Pepsi Learn to Compete in India THE BEVERAGE BATTLEFIELD In 2007, the electric chair and CEO of Coca-Cola assert that speed of light has had a rather rough run in India but now it seems to be getting its positioning right. Similarly, PepsiCos Asia chief asserted that India is the imbibinging battle? eld for this decade and beyond. Even though the political sympathies had opened its doors wide to orthogonal companies, the experience of the worlds two ogre napped drinks companies in India during the 1990s and the beginning of the new millennium was not a happy cardinalness.Both companies experienced a range of unexpected problems and dif? cult situations that led them to issue that competing in India requires special knowledge, skills, and local expertise. In many substances, Coke and Pepsi managers had to learn the hard way that what works here does not always work there. The environment in India is challenging, but were learning how to crack it, s ays an labor leader. THE Indian SOFT DRINKS INDUSTRY In India, over 45 percent of the soft drinks industry in 1993 consisted of small makers. Their combined business was worth $3. million dollars. Leading manufacturers included Parle Agro (hereafter Parle), virginal Drinks, Modern Foods, and McDowells. They get rid ofered carbonated orange and lemon-lime beverage drinks. Coca-Cola Corporation (hereafter Coca-Cola) was still a distant memory to most Indians at that time. The high society had been present in the Indian merchandise from 1958 until its withdrawal in 1977 following a altercate with the governing body over its trade secludeds. After decades in the market, Coca-Cola chose to leave India rather than cut its equity stake to 40 percent and hand over its secret formula for the syrup.Following Coca-Colas departure, Parle became the market leader and established thriving export franchise businesses in Dubai, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Oman in the Gulf, on with Sri La nka. It set up mathematical harvest-time in Nepal and Bangladesh and served distant markets in Tanzania, Britain, the Netherlands, and the unite States. Parle invested heavily in image advertising at home, establishing the dominance of its ? agship punctuate, Thums Up. Thums Up is a shop associated with a trick well done and personal success.These argon persuasive messages for its behind market of young people aged 15 to 24 years. Parle has been careful in the recent not to call Thums Up a cola drink so it has avoided direct comparison with Coke and Pepsi, the worlds brand leaders. The soft drinks market in India is composed of six product pieces cola, cloudy lemon, orange, soda (carbonated weewee), mango, and clear lemon, in order of importance. Cloudy lemon and clear lemon together unsex up the lemon-lime constituent. earlier to the arrival of foreign producers in India, the ? ht for local dominance was between Parles Thums Up and Pure Drinks Campa Cola. In 1988, the industry had experienced a dramatic shakeout following a government warning that BVO, an essential ingredient in locally produced soft drinks, was carcinogenic. Producers either cat2994X_ strip1_001-017. indd cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd 10 had to resort to using a costly imported substitute, estergum, or they had to ? nance their own R&D in order to ? nd a substitute ingredient. Many failed and quickly withdrew from the industry.Competing with the segment of carbonated soft drinks is an opposite beverage segment composed of noncarbonated ingathering drinks. These are a growth industry beca function Indian consumers perceive fruit drinks to be natural, healthy, and tasty. The leading brand has traditionally been Parles Frooti, a mango-? avored drink, which was also exported to franchisees in the United States, Britain, Portugal, Spain, and Mauritius. OPENING INDIAN MARKET In 1991, India experienced an scotch crisis of exceptional severity, triggered by the rise in imported oil pr ices following the ? rst Gulf War (after Iraqs invasion of Kuwait).Foreign exchange reserves fell as nonresident Indians (NRIs) cut back on repatriation of their savings, imports were tightly controlled across all sectors, and industrial turnout fell while in? ation was rising. A new government took of? ce in June 1991 and introduced measures to stabilize the delivery in the short term, then launched a fundamental restructuring program to ensure medium-term growth. Results were dramatic. By 1994, in? ation was halved, exchange reserves were greatly join ond, exports were ripening, and foreign investors were looking at India, a leading Big Emerging Market, with new eyes.The turnwell-nigh could not be overstated as one commentator said, India has been in economic depression for so long that everything except the snake-charmers, cows and the Taj Mahal has faded from the memory of the world. The Indian government was viewed as unfriendly to foreign investors. Outside investment had been allowed only in high-tech sectors and was almost entirely prohibited in consumer goods sectors. The principle of indigenous availability had speci? ed that if an item could be obtained anywhere else within the country, imports of similar items were forbidden.As a result, Indian consumers had little choice of products or brands and no guarantees of quality or reliability. Following liberalization of the Indian economy and the dismantling of complicated trade rules and regulations, foreign investment increased dramatically. Processed foods, software, engineering plastics, electronic equipment, power generation, and petroleum industries all bene? ted from the policy changes. PEPSICO AND COCA-COLA ENTER THE INDIAN MARKET Despite its huge population, India had not been call fored by foreign beverage producers to be an important market.In addition to the deterrents imposed by the government through its stern trade policies, rules, and regulations, local demand for carbonated drink s in India was very low compared with countries at a similar stage of economic development. In 1989, the average Indian was buying only three bottles a year, compared with per-capita 8/27/10 158 PM Cases 1 An Overview consumption rates of 11 bottles a year in Bangladesh and 13 in Pakistan, Indias two neighbors. PepsiCo PepsiCo entered the Indian market in 1986 under the yell Pepsi Foods Ltd. n a joint punt with two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro. As expected, very stringent conditions were imposed on the venture. Sales of soft drink concentrate to local bottlers could not exceed 25 percent of total gross sales for the new venture, and Pepsi Foods Ltd. was required to process and distribute local fruits and vegetables. The government also man understandd that Pepsi Foods products be promoted under the name Lehar Pepsi (lehar meaning wave). Foreign collaboration rules in force at the time prohibited the use of foreign brand names on products intend for sale inside India.Al though the requirements for Pepsis entry were considered stringent, the CEO of Pepsi-Cola outside(a) said at that time, Were pass oning to go so far with India because we want to betray sure we get an early entry while the market is developing. In keeping with local tastes, Pepsi Foods launched Lehar 7UP in the clear lemon category, along with Lehar Pepsi. Marketing and statistical distribution were foc apply in the north and west around the major cities of Delhi and Mumbai (formally Bombay). An aggressive pricing policy on the one-liter bottles had a severe impact on the local producer, Pure Drinks.The market leader, Parle, preempted any further pricing activates by Pepsi Foods by introducing a new 250-ml bottle that sold for the same price as its 200-ml bottle. Pepsi Foods struggled to ? ght off local competition from Pure Drinks Campa Cola, Dukes lemonade, and various brands of Parle. The ? ght for dominance intensi? ed in 1993 with Pepsi Foods launch of two new brands, Slic e and Teem, along with the introduction of fountain sales. At this time, market shares in the cola segment were 60 percent for Parle (down from 70 percent), 26 percent for Pepsi Foods, and 10 percent for Pure Drinks. Coca-ColaIn May 1990, Coca-Cola attempted to reenter India by inwardness of a proposed joint venture with a local bottling company owned by the giant Indian conglomerate, Godrej. The government turned down this application save as PepsiCos application was being approved. Undeterred, Coca-Cola made its return to India by joining forces with Britannia Industries India Ltd. , a local producer of snack foods. The new venture was called Britco Foods. Among local producers, it was believed at that time that CocaCola would not take market share away from local companies because the beverage market was itself growing consistently from year to year.Yet this belief did not stop individual local producers from trying to align themselves with the market leader. Thus in July 1993 , Parle offered to sell Coca-Cola its bottling plants in the iv key cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Surat. In addition, Parle offered to sell its leading brands Thums Up, Limca, Citra, Gold Spot, and Mazaa. It chose to retain ownership only of Frooti and a soda (carbonated pee) called Bisleri. FAST FORWARD TO THE NEW MILLENNIUM seasonal Sales Promotions2006 Navratri attempt In India the summer season for soft drink consumption lasts 70 to 75 days, from mid-April to June.During this time, over 50 percent of the years carbonated beverages are consumed across the country. The second-highest season for cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd 11 consumption lasts only 20 to 25 days during the cultural festival of Navratri (Nav means nine and ratri means night). This traditional Gujarati festival goes on for nine nights in the state of Gujarat, in the western part of India. Mumbai also has a signi? jakest Gujarati population that is considered part of the s tone pit market for this campaign. As the Regional Marketing Manager for Coca-Cola India tated, As part of the think localact local business plan, we pass irrigate tried to select the masses in Gujarat with Thums Up Toofani Ramjhat, with 20,000 free passes issued, one per Thums Up bottle. Toofan means a thunderstorm and ramjhat means lets dance, so together these voice communication convey the idea of a fast dance. There are a number of retail on-site activities too, such as the buy oneget one free scheme and lucky draws where one can win a free trip to Goa. (Goa is an independent Portuguesespeaking state on the west coast of India, known for its beaches and tourist resorts. For its part, PepsiCo also participates in annual Navratri celebrations through massive sponsorships of garba competitions in selected venues in Gujarat. (Garba is the name of a dance, done by women during the Navratri festival. ) The Executive Vice President for PepsiCo India commented For the ? rst time , Pepsi has tied up with the Gujarati TV channel, Zee Alpha, to telecast Navratri Utsav on all nine nights. Utsav means festival. Then there is the mega offer for the people of Ahmedabad, Baroda, Surat, and Rajkot where every re? ll of a case of Pepsi 300-ml. ottles will fetch one kilo of Basmati rice free. These four cities are located in the state of Gujarat. Basmati rice is considered a agiotage quality rice. After the initial purchase of a 300-ml bottle, consumers can get re? lls at reduced rates at select stores. The TV Campaign Both Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola engage in TV campaigns employing local and regional festivals and sports events. A summer campaign featuring 7UP was launched by Pepsi with the objectives of growing the category and building brand awareness. The date was chosen to coincide with the India Zimbabwe One-Day play series.The new campaign slogan was Keep It Cool to emphasize the product attribute of refreshment. The national campaign was to be strengthen wi th regionally adapted TV campaigns, outdoor activities, and retail promotions. A 200-ml bottle was introduced during this campaign in order to increase frequency of purchase and volume of consumption. Prior to the introduction of the 200-ml bottle, most soft drinks were sold in 250-ml, 300-ml, and 500-ml bottles. In addition to 7UP, Pepsi Foods also introduced Mirinda Lemon, Apple, and Orange in 200-ml bottles.In the past, celebrity actors Amitabh Bachchan and Govinda, who are famous male stars of the Indian movie industry, had endorsed Mirinda Lemon. This world-famous industry is referred to as Bollywood (the Hollywood of India ground in Bombay). Pepsis Sponsorship of Cricket and Football (Soccer) After India won an outstanding victory in the IndiaEngland NatWest One-Day cricket series ? nals, PepsiCo launched a new ad campaign featuring the batting sensation, Mohammad Kaif. PepsiCos line-up of other cricket celebrities includes Saurav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid, Harbhajan Singh, Zahee r Khan, V .S. Laxman, and Ajit Agarkar. All of these players were . V part of the Indian police squad for the universe cup Cricket Series. During the two months of the Series, a new product, Pepsi Blue, was 8/27/10 158 PM Part 6 subsidiary Material marketed nationwide. It was positioned as a limited edition, icy-blue cola sold in 300-ml, returnable glass bottles and 500-ml plastic bottles, priced at 8 rupees (Rs) and Rs 15, respectively. In addition, commemorative, nonreturnable 250-ml Pepsi bottles priced at Rs 12 were introduced. One rupee was equal to US 2. 54 cents in 2008. ) In addition to the sponsorship of cricket events, PepsiCo has also taken advantage of World Cup soccer fever in India by featuring football heroes such as Baichung Bhutia in Pepsis celebrity and medication-related advertising communications. These ads featured football players pitted against sumo wrestlers. To consolidate its investment in its promotional campaigns, PepsiCo sponsored a music video with celebrity endorsers including the Bollywood stars, as well as several nationally known cricketers.The new music video aired on SET Max, a satellite channel broadcast mainly in the northern and western parts of India and popular among the 1525 year age gathering. Coca-Colas Lifestyle Advertising While Pepsis promotional efforts focused on cricket, soccer, and other athletic events, Coca-Colas India scheme focused on relevant local idioms in an effort to build a connection with the youth market. The urban youth target market, known as India A, includes 1824 year olds in major metropolitan areas. Several ad campaigns were used to appeal to this market segment.One campaign was based on use of gaana music and ballet. (Gaana means to sing. ) The ? rst ad execution, called Bombay Dreams, featured A. R. Rahman, a famous music managing director. This approach was very successful among the target audience of young people, increasing sales by about 50 percent. It also won an Ef? Award fro m the Mumbai Advertising Club. A second execution of Cokes southern strategy was Chennai Dreams (Chennai was at one time called Madras), a 60-second feature ? lm targeting consumers in Tamil Nadu, a region of southern India. The ? m featured Vijay, a youth icon who is famous as an actor in that region of south India. Another of the 60-second ? lms featured actor Vivek Oberoi with Aishwarya Rai. Both are famous as Bollywood movie stars. Aishwarya won the Miss World crown in 1994 and became an instant hit in Indian movies after deciding on an acting career. This ad showed Oberoi trying to hook up with Rai by deliberately leaving his mobile phone in the taxi that she hails, and then calling her. The ad message aimed to emphasize con? dence and optimism, as well as a theme of seize the day. This campaign used print, outdoor, point-of-sale, restaurant and grocery chains, and local promotional events to tie into the 60-second ? lm. While awareness of soft drinks is high, there is a need to build a deeper brand connect in urban centers, according to the Director of Marketing for CocaCola India. Vivek Oberoiwhos an up and coming star today, and has a wholesome, energetic imagewill help build a stronger bond with the youth, and make them feel that it is a brand that plays a role in their life, just as much as Levis or Ray-Ban. In addition to promotions focused on urban youth, Coca-Cola India worked hard to build a brand taste among young people in rural target markets. The campaign slogan aimed at this market was thanda matlab Coca-Cola (or cool means Coca-Cola in Hindi). Coca-Cola India calls its rural youth target market India B. The prime objective in this market is to grow the generic soft drinks category and to develop brand preference for Coke. The thanda (cold) campaign successfully propelled Coke into the number three position in rural markets. cat2994X_case1_001-017. ndd cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd 12 Continuing to court the youth market, Coke has opened i ts ? rst retail outlet, rosy Lounge. The Red Lounge is touted as a one-stopdestination where the youth can spend time and consume Coke products. The ? rst Red Lounge pilot outlet is in Pune, and based on the feedback, more outlets will be rolled out in other cities. The lounge sports red color, keeping with the theme of the Coke logo. It has a giant LCD television, video games, and Internet sur? ng facilities. The lounge offers the entire range of Coke products.The company is also using Internet to extend its hand into the public domain through the Web site www. myenjoyzone. com. The company has created a special online Sprite-itude zone that provides consumers opportunities for online gaming and expressing their creativity, keeping with the no-nonsense attitude of the drink. Coca-Colas speci? c marketing objectives are to grow the percapita consumption of soft drinks in the rural markets, capture a larger share in the urban market from competition, and increase the frequency of c onsumption.An affordability plank, along with introduction of a new 5-rupee bottle, was designed to help achieve all of these goals. The Affordability Plank The purpose of the affordability plank was to enhance affordability of Coca-Colas products, convey them within arms reach of consumers, and thereby promoting regular consumption. Given the very low percapita consumption of soft drinks in India, it was expected that price reductions would turn out both the consumer base and the market for soft drinks. Coca-Cola India dramatically reduced prices of its soft drinks by 15 percent to 25 percent nationwide to encourage consumption.This move followed an earlier regional action in North India that reduced prices by 1015 percent for its carbonated brands Coke, Thums Up, Limca, Sprite, and Fanta. In other regions such as Rajasthan, western and eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, prices were slashed to Rs 5 for 200-ml glass bottles and Rs 8 for 300-ml bottles, down from the existing R s 7 and Rs 10 price points, respectively. Another initiative by Coca-Cola was the introduction of a new size, the Mini, expected to increase total volume of sales and account for the major chunk of Coca-Colas carbonated soft drink sales.The price reduction and new production launch were announced together in a new television ad campaign for Fanta and Coke in Tamil. A 30-second Fanta spot featured the brand ambassador, actress Simran, well-known for her dance sequences in Hindi movies. The ad showed Simran stuck in a traf? c jam. Thirsty, she tosses a 5-rupee coin to a roadside stall and signals to the vendor that she wants a Fanta Mini by pointing to her orange dress. (Fanta is an orangeade drink. ) She gets her Fanta and sets off a chain reaction on the crowded street, with everyone from school children to a traditional nani mimicking her action. Nani is the Hindi word for grandmother. ) The director of marketing commented that the company wanted to make consumers sit up and take n otice. A NEW PRODUCT crime syndicate Although carbonated drinks are the mainstay of both Cokes and Pepsis product line, the Indian market for carbonated drinks is now not growing. It grew at a compounded annual growth rate of only 1 percent between 1999 and 2006, from $1. 31 billion to $1. 32 billion. However, the general market for beverages, which includes soft drinks, juices, and other drinks, grew 6 percent from $3. 15 billion to $3. 4 billion. To encourage growth in demand for bottled beverages in the Indian market, several producers, including Coke and Pepsi, have 8/27/10 158 PM Cases 1 An Overview launched their own brands in a new category, bottled peeing. This market was valued at 1,000 Crores. 1 Pepsi and Coke are responding to the declining popularity of soft drinks or carbonated drinks and the increased focus on all beverages that are non-carbonated. The ultimate goal is leadership in the packaged water market, which is growing more rapidly than any other category of bottled beverages.Pepsi is a signi? cant player in the packaged water market with its Aqua? na brand, which has a signi? cant share of the bottled water market and is among the top three retail water brands in the country. PepsiCo consistently has been working toward reducing its dependence on Pepsi Cola by bolstering its non-cola portfolio and other categories. This effort is aimed at making the company more broad-based in category growth so that no single product or category becomes the key determinant of the companys market growth.The non-cola segment is said to have grown to contribute one-fourth of PepsiCos overall business in India during the past three to four years. Previously, the multinational derived a major chunk of its growth from Pepsi-Cola. Among other categories on which the company is focusing are fruit juices, juice-based drinks, and water. The estimated fruit juice market in India is approximately 350 Crores and growing month to month. One of the key factors that has triggered this trend is the matter of the mass luxury segment and increasing consumer consciousness about health and wellness. Our hugely successful international brand Gatorade has gained momentum in the country with consumers embracing a lifestyle that includes sports and exercise. The emergence of high-quality gymnasiums, ? tness and aerobic centres mirror the ? tness trend, said a spokesperson. Coca-Cola introduced its Kinley brand of bottled water and in two years achieved a 28 percent market share. It ab initio produced bottled water in 15 plants and later expanded to another 15 plants. The Kinley brand of bottled water sells in various pack sizes 500 ml, 1 liter, 1. 5 liter, 2 liter, 5 liter, 20 liter, and 25 liter.The smallest pack was priced at Rs 6 for 500 ml, while the 2-liter bottle was Rs 17. The current market leader, with 40 percent market share, is the Bisleri brand by Parle. Other competing brands in this segment include Bailley by Parle, Hello by Hello Miner al Waters Pvt. Ltd. , Pure Life by Nestle, and a new brand launched by Indian Railways, called Rail Neer. CONTAMINATION ALLEGATIONS AND WATER USAGE Just as things began to look up for the American companies, an environmental ecesis claimed that soft drinks produced in India by Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained signi? cant levels of pesticide residue.Coke and Pepsi denied the charges and argued that extensive use of pesticides in agriculture had resulted in a minute degree of pesticide in sugar used in their drinks. The result of tests conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare showed that soft drinks produced by the two companies were safe to drink under local health standards. Protesters in India reacted to reports that Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained pesticide residues. or so states announced partial bans on Coke and Pepsi products. When those reports appeared on the front pages of newspapers in India, Coke and Pepsi executives were con? ent that they could handle the situ ation. But they stumbled. 1 One Crore cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd 13 10,000,000 Rupees, and US$1 Rs48, so 1,000 Crore US$208,300. They underestimated how quickly events would spiral into a nationwide scandal, misjudged the speed with which local politicians would seize on an Indian environmental groups report to attack their global brands, and did not respond swiftly to quell the anxieties of their customers. The companies formed committees in India and the United States, working in tandem on levelheaded and public relations issues.They worked around the clock fashioning rebuttals. They commissioned their own laboratories to conduct tests and waited until the results came through before commenting in detail. Their approaches back? red. Their reluctance to give expand fanned consumer suspicion. They became bogged down in the technicalities of the charges instead of focusing on winning back the support of their customers. At the start, both companies we re unprepared when one state after another announced partial bans on Coke and Pepsi products the drinks were prevented from being sold in government of? es, hospitals, and schools. Politicians exploited the populist potential. In hindsight, the Coke communications director said she could see how the environmental group had picked Coca-Cola as a way of attracting attention to the broader problem of pesticide contamination in Indian food products. Fringe politicians will continue to be publicly hostile to big Western companies, regardless of how eager they are for their investment, she said. Failing to anticipate the political potency of the incident, Coke and Pepsi initially hoped that the crisis would blow over and they adopted a policy of silence. Here people interpret silence as guilt, said an Indian public relations expert. You have to roll up your sleeves and get into a street ? ght. Coke and Pepsi didnt understand that. Coca-Cola eventually decided to go on the attack, though indirectly, giving critical brie? ngs by executives, who questioned the scienti? c credentials of their products accusers. They directed reporters to Internet blogs full of entries that were uniformly proCoke, and they handed out the cell phone number for the director of an organization called the shopping center for Sanity and Balance in Public Life.Emphasizing that he was not being paid by the industry, Kishore Asthana, from that center, said, One can drink a can of Coke every day for two years before taking in as much pesticide as you get from two cups of tea. The situation continued to tumble out of control. Newspapers printed images of cans of the drinks with headlines like toxic cocktail. News channels broadcast images of protesters pouring Coke down the throats of donkeys. A vice president for CocaCola India said his heart sank when he ? rst heard the accusations because he knew that consumers would be easily confused. But even terminology like P. P. B. parts per billion is dif? cult to comprehend, he said. This makes our job very challenging. PepsiCo began a public relations offensive, placing large advertisements in daily newspapers saying, Pepsi is one of the safest beverages you can drink today. The company acknowledged that pesticides were present in the groundwater in India and found their way into food products in general. But, it said, compared with the permitted levels in tea and other food products, pesticide levels in soft drinks are negligible. After all the bad press Coke got in India over the pesticide content in its soft drinks, an activist group in California launched a campaign directed at U. S. college campuses, accusing CocaCola of India of using wanted groundwater, lacing its drinks with pesticides, and supplying farmers with toxic waste used for fertilizing their crops. According to one report, a plant that 8/27/10 158 PM Part 6 Supplementary Material produces 300,000 liters of soda drink a day uses 1. 5 million liters of wat er, enough to meet the requirements of 20,000 people.The issue revolved around a bottling plant in Plachimada, India. Although the state government granted Coke permission to build its plant in 1998, the company was obliged to get the locally elected village councils go-ahead to exploit groundwater and other re witnessers. The village council did not renew permission in 2002, claiming the bottling operation had depleted the farmers drinking water and irrigation supplies. Cokes plant was closed until the corporation won a court ruling allowing them to reopen.The reopening of the plant in 2006 led students of a major midwestern university to call for a ban on the sale of all Coca-Cola products on campus. According to one source, more than 20 campuses banned Coca-Cola products, and hundreds of people in the United States called on Coca-Cola to close its bottling plants because the plants drain water from communities throughout India. They contended that such irresponsible practices rob the poor of their fundamental right to drinking water, are a source of toxic waste, cause serious harm to the environment, and threaten peoples health.In an attempt to stem the controversy, Coca-Cola entered talks with the Midwestern university and agreed to cooperate with an independent look for assessment of its work in India the university selected the institute to conduct the research, and Coke ? nanced the study. As a result of the proposed research program, the university agreed to continue to allow Coke products to be sold on campus. In 2008 the study reported that none of the pesticides were found to be present in processed water used for beverage production and that the plants met governmental regulatory standards.However, the report voiced concerns about the companys use of sparse water supplies. Coca-Cola was asked by the Delhi-based environmental research group to consider take outting down one of its bottling plants in India. Cokes response was that the easiest thing would be to shut down, but the solution is not to run away. If we shut down, the area is still going to have a water problem. We want to work with farming communities and industries to reduce the amount of water used. The controversies highlight the challenges that multinational companies can face in their overseas operations.Despite the huge popularity of the drinks, the two companies are often held up as symbols of Western cultural imperialism. QUESTIONS 1. The political environment in India has proven to be critical to company performance for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What speci? c aspects of the political environment have played key roles? Could these effects have been anticipated previous to market entry? If not, could developments in the political arena have been handled better by each company? 2. Timing of entry into the Indian market brought antithetic esults for PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What bene? ts or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later ma rket entry? 3. The Indian market is enormous in name of population and geography. How have the two companies responded to the cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd cat2994X_case1_001-017. indd 14 sheer scale of operations in India in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements? 4. world(prenominal) localization (glocalization) is a policy that both companies have mplemented successfully. Give examples for each company from the case. 5. How can Pepsi and Coke confront the issues of water use in the manufacture of their products? How can they defuse further boycotts or demonstrations against their products? How effective are activist groups like the one that launched the campaign in California? Should Coke address the group directly or just let the furor subside? 6. Which of the two companies do you think has better longterm prospects for success in India? 7.What lessons can each company draw from its Indian experience as it contemplates entry into other Big Emerging Markets? 8. Comment on the decision of both Pepsi and Coke to enter the bottled water market instead of continuing to focus on their core productscarbonated beverages and cola-based drinks in particular. 9. Most recently Coca-Cola has decided to enter the growing Indian market for energy drinks, forecasted to grow to $370 billion in 2013 from less than half that in 2003. The competition in this market is ? erce with established ? rms including Red Bull and Sobe.With its new brand Burn, Coke initially targeted alternative distribution channels such as pubs, bars, and gyms rather than large retail outlets such as supermarkets. Comment on this strategy. This case was prepared by Lyn S. Amine, Ph. D. , Professor of Marketing and International Business, Distinguished Fellow of the Academy of Marketing Science, President, Women of the Academy of International Business, Saint Louis University, and Vikas Kumar, Assistant Professor, Strategic guidance Institut e, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. Dr. Lyn S.Amine and Vikas Kumar prepared this case from public sources as a basis for classroom discussion only. It is not intended to illustrate either effective or unavailing handling of administrative problems. The case was revised in 2005 and 2008 with the authors permission. Sources Lyn S. Amine and Deepa Raizada, Market Entry into the Newly Opened Indian Market Recent Experiences of US Companies in the Soft Drinks Industry, in Developments in Marketing Science, XVIII, proceedings of the annual conference of the Academy of Marketing Science, Roger Gomes (ed. ) (Coral Gables, FL AMS, 1995), pp. 8792 Jeff Cioletti, Indian Government Says Coke and Pepsi Safe, drunkenness World, September 15, 2003 Indian Group Plans Coke, Pepsi Protests After Pesticide Claims, AFP, December 15, 2004 Fortune Sellers, Foreign Policy, May/ June 2004 International Pressure Grows to Permanently Close Coke Bottling Plant in Plachimada, PR Newswire, June 15, 2005 Indi an Village Refuses Coca-Cola License to Exploit Ground Water, AFP, June 14, 2005 Why Everyone Loves to Hate Coke, Economist Times, June 16, 2005 PepsiCo India To Focus on Non-Cola Segment, Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, September 22, 2006 For 2 Giants of Soft Drinks, A Crisis in a Crucial Market, The New York Times, August 23, 2006 Coke and Pepsi Try to Reassure India That Drinks Are Safe, The New York Times, August 2006 Catalyst The foam in Water Financial Times Limited, October 11, 2007 Marketing Coca-Cola Foraying Into Retail Lounge Format, Business Line, April 7, 2007 India Ops Now in Control, Says Coke Boss, The Times of India, October 3, 2007 Pepsi Repairing a Poisoned Reputation in India How the Soda Giant Fought Charges of Tainted Products in a Country Fixated on its Polluted Water, Business Week, June 11, 2007, p. 48 Coca-Cola Asked to Shut Indian Plant to Save Water, International Herald Tribune, January 15, 2008 Coca Cola A Second Shot at Energy Drinks, DataMonitor , January 2010. 8/27/10 158 PM

Life in Navy Boot Camp Essay

It was a warm summer evening as I packed for Navy conjure up Camp. I carefully went down the list of things I could take and ensured I didnt have anything else. A little nervous I went to talk to my parents about my shanghai to becoming my own man. I looked at their faces and could tell that although they were proud they were a little nervous about their only son leaving home for the beginning(a) succession.My mom tried to smile just now she was proud yet nervous because I had always been her little make fun so she was having a hard time letting go. After a short conversation with my parents I decided to try and rest for the long journey ahead.Its now 5 o time in the morning and Im up to shower and get ready for the trip, I didnt sleep very much because I was so nervous. I showed and got ready for the trip to the Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS) for my final swearing in. My foremost trip included my initial processing and health check screening and now it was time to put all(a) that into action.As my parent drove me to the station the car was very quiet. As we pulled up my parents got out and hugged me and respect me well. I walked in and looked back at them and it was like the cord was being cut between us, now it was time for me to make them proud and show them what Id learned from them.The get rid oficer swore us in and we all boarded the bus starring out the window like lost kids. Hours later we arrived at Boot Camp in Great Lakes, Michigan. As we pulled up Company Commanders ran out yelling and screaming at us to put all our stuff in one hand and line up on the footprints. My heart was beating super fast and I was like what have I done. We marched into this room where they asked us to take out all our stuff, they went through it and told us what we could keep and what had to be sent home.After feeding us, they took everyone to the barber shop and neatend all our heads. They so issued us our initial uniforms and began indoctrination. After marching back to our dorms, we were told how the bed should be made, stenciled all our gear, showered and went to bed. The first night I canhonestly say I missed my folks and at one point wanted to cry just I pushed on. I knew I had to do this for me and them, I had to show myself first and them second that I had what it took to make it.Day two and forward we woke up at 4 am with yelling and screaming that we had 15 minutes to shower, shave and get in line for physical training and breakfast. Everything was 15 to 20 minutes including eating you learn to eat real quickly. Training was tough but as the weeks went on it got easier. Then around week 4 we had to swim, I was never a strong swimmer so I was nervous but I made it through. Around week five it go tomed they got a little easier and then explained that the toughness was to help us rely on each former(a) and build the necessary teamwork within us all.As time went on we had learned the entire Chain of Command, proper Nav y rules and how to properly wear all the uniforms and the seasonal changes for whites and blues. As the 8th week came we got ready for graduation. Everyone was ready to show their parents how much they had grown up in the last two months. Part of developing up was proper grooming, making our beds and being responsible and accountable for each other.Some of the guys in my company sat around the night before talking about some of the hard times in boot camp. I talked about the hard part for me was the fire fighting training and taking off that gas mask, my eyes burned so bad and I coughed like I was going to die. We laughed so hard about that and having to jump off that diving board that seems like it was 100 stories tall.So now its graduation day and Im so excited to see my parents and so they can see how Ive turned from their little boy to this young man. We march out on the field and the guide yells eyes right and I look over and see my parents. My mom was crying as usual and my dad had the biggest smile on his face, it was a time I will always remember. Their little guy was finally a man.

How has CMOS memory changed over the years? Essay

How has CMOS memory changed over the years? CMOS really hasnt changed very ofttimes from what I could find on the internet Mainly the speeds have increased and the noise has been reduced it too went from analog to digital. Originally, the IBM PC only employ of a small portion of CMOS memory and the balance of the 64 bytes were left undefined. Once other manufacturers cloned the AT form factor it wasnt long that other areas of the CMOS was used by various BIOS manufacturers for such user-selectable options as memory wait states, memory type, initial boot rent selection, boot-up clock speed, hard drive interface type, green options, shadow RAM options, cache options, and password breastplate of the CMOS contents. It quiet down uses a small battery in case there is a power outage and even so uses volatile RAM.Has the size of the CMOS memory increased, decreased, or stayed the same? The size of the CMOS memory has also pretty much stayed the same because there is no need to incre ase the size. There was never any need to investment trust more than 512 bytes in the memory as it holds the absolute basic boot settings for the system. The typical size is still 512 bytes currently. All it comes down to is If it aint broke dont fix it., so its been that way since almost the very beginning.It does its job which is to just get the computer started and make sure everything is in place and then hands it all over to the computers OS. Determine if CMOS still utilizes RAM, requiring a battery on the motherboard, or has it evolved into using EEPROM? The CMOS still utilizes RAM but it is being rapidly replaced with EEPROM in todays time. EEPROM is a small chip that data can be written and re-written to with codes. As we all dwell RAM losses data every time you loss power to your system, well EEPROM does not contend a power source to maintain its data. Although EEPROM is relatively slower than RAM it is fine for applications, such as storing saved BIOS settings?

Demonstrative Communication Essay

Demonstrative talk is a type of communicating that observes non communicative cues. Examples of non-verbal cues include tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language. Communication batch be defined as the do work of sending and receiving contentednesss. Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information with a person or persons. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal, written or visual. in that location be many ways to communicate with one an new(prenominal) most people only compute verbal when you talk about talk. A lot of people dont realize that facial expressions and body language ar a part of communication.The use of body language can be subtle or more demonstrative this would depend on situation that is going on. The person you are communicating with as hearty as your own style. An effective use of body language, as with other components of communication can help one understand the message you are trying to send. Our demonstrative com munication needs to be matched with our verbal message if these two behaviors do not match with a akin(predicate) tone misinterpretations can occur.Demonstrative communication can only be effective when the harker understands the message the person is trying to send. Effective communication is necessary for lifes relationships, work, and play. To achieve effective communication it is all-important(prenominal) to obtain back eye contact this ensures alertness to the conversation. Eye contact can alike flummox sure the other person knows it is importation and that you are talking to them.One cause of misunderstanding is the verbal message does not match the demonstrative communication. Effective communication requires active hearing from two. The courier wants to see to it the receiver to see if they understand the message and be prepared for questions and feedback that the receiver might have. We have to check eye contact as well as positive body language and facial expres sions to maintain communication. When the listener completely understands the message sent the message is effective.Ineffective communication may be caused when the messenger is using language the receiver does not understand, when angry, or loss of eye contact. The messenger may be speaking too quickly for the receiver to pick up the information. If both the receiver and listener are angry he or she will receive the information wrong. If you are trying to communicate when youre mad it can cause confusion. You may speak loud, cut the other off and not listen to what is being said. You will only hear what you want to hear. Another sign of ineffective communication is if the messenger or the receiver does more talking than listening. For example Some families have fallen apart out-of-pocket to miscommunication and for sending the wrong information and the receiver getting an offensive message.This is cause by not locution the proper words and using the incorrect facial expressions, body language and gestures. Effective communication is the process of two-way communication between the messenger and receiver. If communication is ineffective it can cause confusion to both the messenger and the receiver. Another way it can be ineffective would be if you dont keep eye contact this can give the receiver or the messenger time to wonder outside(a) from the subject. If you lose eye contact that can mean it is not interesting and you are losing the communication. Not listening to what one has to say and be cut off but the messenger or the receiver would also cause problems and miscommunication.Demonstrative communication involves listening and responding to the message. Listening and responding depends on who you are talking to and what is being discussed. If you are not listening when someone is speaking to you, your response may be false or not correct according to what is being discussed or with the tone it was said in. Listening is one of the most important skills you can have. How well you listen has a major impact on your personal and work life. In order to listen, a person has to hear and look at you. This way they get the tone of you verbal communication as well as the demonstrative communication. Demonstrative communication reinforces verbal communication in a conversation. To fully understand what someone is saying you have to hear the words as well as watch the body language of the people in the conversation.